Dezső Czigány

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Self-Portrait (1909)

Dezső Czigány (born June 1, 1883 in Budapest , Austria-Hungary , † December 31, 1937 in Budapest) was a Hungarian painter, member of the MIÉNK , the eight and the New Society of Fine Artists ( KUT ). He was best known for his early Fauvist self-portraits and later for his still lifes and landscape paintings - influenced by Cézanne .

Life

Czigány, born as Dezső Wimmer, studied first in Budapest, then at the Munich Academy and in the artists' colony in Nagybánya with the naturalistic painter Simon Hollósy . In 1900 he took the name Czigány, with which all of his better-known works are signed. In 1904 Czigány came to Paris for the first time , where he temporarily studied at the Académie Julian under Jean-Paul Laurens . Of the French painters, Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin , Henri Matisse and Félix Vallotton in particular exerted influence on his work. In the spring of 1906 Czigány exhibited in the Salon des Indépendants ; he was also made an honorary member by the Société des Artistes Indépendants. In the same year he returned to Budapest. In Paris he made friends with the poet Endre Ady , under whose influence he converted to Protestantism. Czigány was the only one who was allowed to portray the poet several times. His monochrome portrait style, reduced to earth tones, which can best be compared with the symbolism of the French Eugène Carrière , remained connected during his Fauvist and Cézanne-influenced phases.

From the beginning he participated in the exhibitions of the Hungarian Impressionists and Naturalists. At the first art exhibition of the eight - with the title "New Pictures" - he exhibited his works, his self-portrait, often mentioned as a "green monster", aroused violent disgust from some of the visitors and critics. The paintings born during this period count his art among the Hungarian savages. The most important pictures of his Fauves era are portraits, including the double series of portraits of his mother and his first wife. Czigány also painted several portraits of Pablo Casals , whom he met in 1910 at a concert by the cellist in Budapest. He also played the cello himself and, according to Róbert Berény, “there were three sanctities in the life of Dezső Czigány /.../: Cézanne, Ady and Casals.” After the turn of the decade, his painting art came more and more under the influence of Cézanne; From now on, his landscapes and still lifes most closely followed the strict compositional order of the master of Aix, while his role-play portraits are filled with eerie soulful power or even with self-irony. Like Károly Kernstok , Bertalan Pór and Ödön Márffy , Czigány also tried the monumental mural work: he worked on the mural for the Budapest Park Cantorium. He did not take part in the third art exhibition of the Eight, during the First World War he was not called up for military service, probably because of the mysterious death of his second wife. He joined KUT in the 1920s, then lived in Paris and Nice for the second half of the decade . In 1930 he finally returned to Budapest. On New Year's Eve 1937, he shot his third wife, his daughter and his grandson out of bitterness and then committed suicide.

In 1944 his collection of works was exhibited at an estate exhibition, many of his works came into private collections, but today several of them are from the Hungarian National Gallery and from excellent museums such as the Janus Pannonius Museum in Pécs , the Deák collection in Székesfehérvár , kept by the Rippl-Rónai Museum in Kaposvár .

literature

  • É. Hollósi: Czigány, Dezső . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 23, Saur, Munich a. a. 1999, ISBN 3-598-22763-9 , p. 310 f.
  • Horváth Béla: Czigány Dezső Ady-képei. (The Ady pictures by Dezső Czigány.) Budapest, Magvető. 1977. ISBN 963-270-616-1
  • Rum Attila: Czigány Dezső. Budapest, private edition , 2004. ISBN 963-430-929-1
  • Gergely Barki, Evelyn Benesch, Zoltán Rockenbauer: The eight. A Nyolcak. Hungary's Highway to Modernity. Vienna, Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2012. ISBN 978-3-422-07157-5
  • Gergely Barki, Zoltán Rockenbauer: The Eight - The Act. Exhibition catalog. Budapest, Balassi Institute, 2012. ISBN 978-963-89583-4-1

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rum, Attila: Czigány Dezső, Budapest, private edition, 2004. pp. 22-23.
  2. ^ Horváth Béla: Czigány Dezső Ady-képei. (The Ady pictures by Dezső Czigány) Budapest, Magvető. 1977.
  3. ↑ Gergely Barki and Zoltan Rockenbauer: From the Fauvist Beginnings to the 'New Pictures'. 1905-1910. The Eight - A Nyolcak: Hungary's Highway to Modernity. Ed .: Gergely Barki, Evelyn Benesch, Zoltán Rockenbauer. Vienna, Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2012. pp. 32-33.
  4. ^ Zoltán Rockenbauer: The Eight with a Gift for Music. Rendezvous of the Muses in the Café of Budapest. Hungarian Art and Music. Music, rhythm, sound, picture, photo, fancy. Ed. By Tamás Kieselbach. Budapest: Corvina, 2007. p. 68.
  5. ^ Horváth Béla: Czigány Dezső ismeretlen Casals portréja (Cigánys unknown Casals portrait). Művészet, 1963/3. p. 8th.
  6. ↑ About the case that has not yet been resolved: Rum Attila: Czigány Dezső. Budapest, 2004. pp. 109-112.

Web links

Commons : Dezső Czigány  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Czigány, Dezső
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wimmer, Dezső (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian painter and printmaker
DATE OF BIRTH June 1, 1883
PLACE OF BIRTH Budapest , Hungary
DATE OF DEATH December 31, 1937
Place of death Budapest , Hungary