Dieter Seeliger

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Dieter Reinhard Seeliger

Dieter Reinhard Seeliger (born May 6, 1939 in Giersdorf ) is a German physicist, university professor and industry manager who worked in the fields of nuclear physics , neutron physics and environmental technology .

Career

In 1957, Seeliger graduated from the ABF of the University of Halle . This was followed by a degree in physics at the University of Moscow and a special degree in nuclear and particle physics in Dubna , with a final diploma thesis in 1962 on neutron resonances with Ilja Frank at the VIK . His professional career began in 1963 as an assistant to Heinz Pose at the Institute for Experimental Nuclear Physics at the TU Dresden , where he was awarded a PhD in the field of direct nuclear reactions in 1968 at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. rer. nat. doctorate and habilitation in 1971 on pre-equilibrium nuclear reactions.

In 1972 he was appointed full professor for neutron physics at the TU Dresden and was entrusted with the management of the nuclear physics science department, the successor to the Institute for Experimental Nuclear Physics. A few hundred physicists had completed this area by 1991, 80 doctorates and 15 post-doctoral degrees were completed. In addition to his university training activities, he was often active internationally as a visiting professor or lecturer, as well as a reviewer for specialist journals, editor of proceedings and in advisory committees of international conferences. In addition, there were university-specific elective functions, such as Vice Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Deputy for Research and Director of the Physics Section. He was a member of the council for the main research area Atomic Nuclear Physics and Applications (1975-1990), responsible for the research area Nuclear Physics Foundations of Nuclear Energy and the Scientific Advisory Board for Physics in Higher Education (1981-1990).

Basic research with applications

Fundamental investigations into the mechanism of neutron and proton-induced nuclear reactions at the neutron sources of the TU Dresden and at the tandem accelerator at the ZfK Rossendorf became known in the 1970s . In cooperation with the VIK , precision experiments were carried out on the influence of atomic, molecular and solid-state effects on neutron resonances. In the 1980s, the focus of his research was on the mechanism of the spontaneous fission of Californium and the induced fission of actinides, as well as the theoretical description of nuclear reactions as the result of a uniform nuclear relaxation process . The core data (English: Nuclear Data) determined at the TU Dresden were available for worldwide exchange via the core data section (English: Nuclear Data Section, NDS) of the IAEA in Vienna and were included in the CINDA index. For this purpose, all of the data libraries available at the NDS could be made available to developers and users of nuclear facilities in the GDR by setting up and operating a computer-aided database at the TU Dresden. In addition to cross sections, the neutron spectrum from the spontaneous fission of Californium , which is one of the standard and reference data, was of practical interest and was determined experimentally and theoretically. Following the current requirements of the developers of fusion reactors for more precise knowledge of nuclear processes, the research area fusion neutrons arose with experiments at the DT neutron source, supplemented by theoretical modeling and evaluations of neutron data.

Cold fusion debacle at the TU Dresden

Again and again, natural scientists are tempted to prematurely publish unsecured results in order to become known to the public with shrill hypotheses. Probably the most spectacular case of this kind was the announcement on March 23, 1989 that a nuclear fusion had been successfully triggered at room temperature. This cold nuclear fusion allegedly measured in the experiment at the University of Utah was announced by the chemists Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons . Many physicists, especially neutron physicists, were skeptical.

Seeliger became known throughout the GDR after the central organ of the SED, the New Germany , reported on the front page on April 20, 1989: "Nuclear fusion succeeded by cold means at the Technical University of Dresden." The professors were the leaders of the supposedly successful experiments Dr. Dieter Seeliger and Dr. Klaus Wiesener called. On the following day , again on the first page, another message on the topic was replenished in Neues Deutschland : “Scientists from the TU Dresden gave a press conference on nuclear fusion. Researchers stimulated international cooperation on the still unanswered questions. ”Again, Seeliger and Wiesener were named. A Berlin physics professor cheered "the quick comprehension proves: The physics of the GDR is up to date". The end is known. Whatever Fleischmann, Pons and, afterwards, Seeliger and Wiesener measured, it was not a cold nuclear fusion.

Industrial manager

From 1992 to 2004, Seeliger was managing director of the company Umwelt- und Ingenieurtechnik GmbH Dresden, a member of the General Atomics group , and was responsible for setting up and profiling the company in the field of remediation of radioactive and chemically contaminated sites, water treatment and environmental monitoring . He worked on numerous projects for the remediation of the contaminated sites of uranium mining in Saxony and Thuringia on behalf of Wismut GmbH Chemnitz, for example in the Königstein leach mine and the Ronneburg mine, as well as redevelopment projects for lignite mining on behalf of LMBV and in the chemical industry in Central Germany.

In the Shelter Implementation Plan (Chernobyl New Safe Confinement) project, financed by the EBRD in London, he took on management tasks in an international consortium of companies planning the disposal of highly radioactive fuel residues in Chernobyl . Further projects were worked on under his leadership in Eastern Europe, Australia and the USA.

Cooperation and memberships

At first, international contacts were limited to institutes in the Soviet Union and in Eastern Europe. The most important partner was the VIK in Dubna, where he for many years a member of the Scientific Council for Low Energy (1974-1982) and in the neutron Committee was

After the GDR was admitted to the special organizations of the UN , Seeliger was appointed by the Director General of the IAEA as Liaison Officer to the Nuclear Data Section (1976–1979) and then elected as a member of the International Nuclear Data Committee (INDC) (1980–1991), its chairmanship he took over (1983–1986). By participating in coordinated research programs of the IAEA, publishing progress reports and organizing nuclear physics symposia and training courses at the TU Dresden, a broader international cooperation was established.

Since 1990 he has been a member of the Physical Society . In 2002 he was elected to the Leibniz Society , in which he participates in the General Technology working group. In addition, he continues to work as a consultant and book author, among other things with the biographical narrative Vom Splitting and Merging - As a nuclear physicist through times of upheaval .

Fonts (selection)

  • with G. Musiol, J. Ranft, R. Reif: Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics. Textbook, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft Weinheim / New York / Cambridge / Basel 1988, ISBN 3-527-26886-3 ; Revised 2nd edition, Verlag Harri Deutsch, Frankfurt / Main 1995, ISBN 3-8171-1404-4 .
  • with H. Märten (Ed.): Physics and Chemistry of Fission. Proc. XVIIIth ISNP, TU Dresden, Gaussig, November 21-25, 1988 ( ZfK report, No. 732. ) Central Institute for Nuclear Research, Rossendorf 1989, ISSN 0138-2950, ​​also published by Nova Science Publishers, New York 1992, ISBN 1560720239 ; LCCN 92016061.
  • with H. Kalka (Ed.): Nuclear Reaction Mechanisms. Proc. XXth ISNP, Gaussig, November 12-16, 1990, World Scientific Publ., Singapore 1991, ISBN 981-02-0691-7 .
  • D. Seeliger (Ed.): From Spectroscopic to Chaotic Features of Nuclear Systems. Proc. XXIs ISNP, Gaussig, November 4–8. 1991, World Scientific Publ. Co., Singapore / New Jersey / London / Hong Kong 1992, ISBN 981-02-1013-2 , LCCN 92044444.
  • with A. Andreeff (Ed.): 50 years of research for the peaceful use of nuclear energy. In: Meeting reports of the Leibniz Society of Sciences, Vol. 89, Jhg. 2009. trafo Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 2009, ISSN 0947-5850, ISBN 978-3-89626-689-7 , dnb .
  • On splitting and merging - as a nuclear physicist through times of upheaval. Projekt-Verlag Cornelius GmbH, Halle 2010, ISBN 978-3-86237-093-1 , dnb .
  • Nuclear physics at the Technical University of Dresden from 1955 to 1990. TUDpress Verlag der Wissenschaften, Dresden 2012, ISBN 978-3-942710-63-3 , dnb .
  • Pre-Equilibrium Emission in Neutron Induced Reactions. In: Nuclear Theory in Neutron Nuclear Data Evaluation. IAEA TECDOC 190, Vienna 1976, Vol I, pp. 313-323, Vol. II, pp. 263-314, inis .
  • with K. Seidel, A. Meister, S. Mittag, W. Pilz: Influence of atomic, molecular and solid-state effects on the neutron resonance cross-section. In: Review journal ECHAYA (Particles & Nuclei), Vol. 19, No. 2. VIK Dubna 1988, ISSN 0367-2026, pp. 307-345, engl. Translation: The Influence of Atomic, Molecular and Solid State Effects on the Neutron Resonance Crosss Sections. inis .
  • with H. Märten, A. Ruben: Contributions to the theory of fission neutron emission. inis , (compilation of pdf files from 4 publications).
  • Statistical Multistep Direct and Statistical Multistep Compound Models for Calculation of Nuclear Data for Applications. In: Computation and Analysis of Nuclear Data Relevant to Nuclear Energy and Safety. IAEA Workshop ICTP Trieste 10 February-13 March 1992, Proc. Ed. MK Mehta, JJ Schmidt, World Scientific, Singapore / London / Hong Kong 1993, p. 223-243, ISBN 981-02-1224-0 , inis .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ German Association of Graduates and Friends of the Moscow Lomonossow University eV (ed.): 50 years later. In: DAMU booklets LOMONOSSOW, booklet 1. Osiris Druck, Leipzig 2009, ISSN 1436-0462, pp. 28-45.
  2. ^ H. Pose: The Institute for Experimental Nuclear Physics at the Technical University of Dresden. In: Kernenergie magazine, vol. 9, no.2. 1966, ISSN 0023-0642, pp. 64-66.
  3. ^ The American Biographical Institute (Ed.): The International Directory of Distinguished Leadership. Third edition. Delmar Printing Company, Charlotte (NC) USA Library of Congress No. 85-070623 1991, ISBN 0-934544-54-9 , p. 273.
  4. ↑ D. Peschel (arrangement): The professors of the TU Dresden 1828 - 2003. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-412-02503-8 , p. 903.
  5. ↑ U. Schmidt-Rohr: The German nuclear physics laboratories II - after the establishment of the Ministry of Atomic Energy - the nuclear physics laboratories in the Dresden area. MPI for Nuclear Physics, Neumann-Druck, Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-00-017204-1 , pp. 140–149.
  6. ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency (Ed.): The Index to the Literature and Computer Files on Microscopic Neutron Data ( CINDA-A (1935-87). ). IAEA, Vienna July 1990, ( CINDA 95 (1938-95). ). IAEA, Vienna August 1995, ISBN 92-0-103995-6 , (entries under the Laboratory Code "TUD").
  7. ↑ Participation in international cooperation within the IAEA in the field of neutron nuclear data. In: Universitätsreden, Vol. 43. TU Dresden January 26, 1976.
  8. ↑ Core Microscopic Data Part I: The Need for Core Data for Some Practical Applications. In: Zeitschrift Kernenergie, Vol. 20, No. 6. Berlin 1977, ISSN 0023-0642, pp. 153-160, inis
  9. ↑ with D. Hermsdorf: Microscopic core data part II: Structure and development of the core data service. In: Zeitschrift Kernenergie, Vol. 23, No. 8. Berlin 1980, pp. 285–290 inis .
  10. ^ Co-author: The Cf-252 spontaneous fission neutron spectrum in the 5-20 Mev energy range. In: INDC (NDS) -194. IAEA, Vienna 1987, inis
  11. ^ Co-author: Energy and angular distribution of neutron emission in the spontaneous fission of 252-Cf. In: INDC (NDS) -220. Vienna 1989, pp. 161-168, inis
  12. ^ Nuclear data for fusion reactor technology. In: Zeitschr. Nuclear Energy Volume 31, No. 10. Pp. 415-422, inis
  13. ↑ Martin Fleischmann, Stanley Pons, Marvin Hawkins: Electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium. In: Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry . Vol. 261, No. 2, ISSN  1572-6657 , 1989, pp. 301-308, doi : 10.1016 / 0022-0728 (89) 80006-3 ; Erratum in: Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. Vol. 263, No. 1, ISSN  1572-6657 , 1989, pp. 187-188, doi : 10.1016 / 0022-0728 (89) 80141-X
  14. ↑ Nuclear fusion succeeded in a cold way at the Technical University of Dresden. Neues Deutschland, April 20, 1989, accessed on May 20, 2020 .
  15. ^ Scientists from the TU Dresden gave a press conference on nuclear fusion. Neues Deutschland, April 21, 1989, accessed on May 20, 2020 .
  16. ↑ Martin Koch: Studies: Measuring once is not enough. pressreader, November 10, 2018, accessed May 20, 2020 .
  17. ↑ Co-author: New probes and sensors for environmental measurement networks for the continuous monitoring of surface water. In: Dresdner contributions to sensor technology, vol. 16. web Universitätsverlag, Dresden 2002, ISBN 3-935712-71-5 , pp. 52-55, tib .
  18. ↑ BJ Merkel, B. Planer-Friedrich, C. Wolkersdorfer (ed.): Uranium in the Aquatic Environment. Springer Verlag Berlin / Heidelberg / New York / London / Milan / Paris / Tokyo 2002, ISBN 3-540-43927-7 , pp. 763-768 u. Pp. 785-792.
  19. ↑ Nuclear physics investigations at the laboratory for neutron physics of the VIK Dubna. In: Kernenergie, Vol. 25. Berlin 1982, pp. 120-122, inis
personal data
SURNAME Seeliger, Dieter
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Seeliger, Dieter Reinhard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physicist
DATE OF BIRTH May 6, 1939
PLACE OF BIRTH Giersdorf / Silesia