Heinz pose

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Heinz Pose (born April 10, 1905 in Königsberg , † November 13, 1975 in Dresden ) was a German nuclear physicist . He played a role in the Soviet atomic bomb project in the post-war period .

Studies and early career

Pose studied mathematics , physics and chemistry in Königsberg , Munich , Göttingen and Halle . In 1928 he received his doctorate from Nobel Prize winner Gustav Hertz in Halle. In 1929 he succeeded in the first experimental proof of the resonance conversion in nuclear processes of aluminum cores with alpha particles . He carried out fundamental work on discrete energy states in excited atomic nuclei. Until 1938 he extended these investigations to lighter nuclei. Pose joined the SA in November 1933 and became a member of the NSDAP on May 1, 1937 . After his habilitation, he received a teaching position for atomic physics in Halle in 1934 .

Professorship and Uranium Association

In 1939 Pose was appointed adjunct professor at the University of Halle. In 1940 he was assigned to the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin-Dahlem to carry out research assignments on atomic research. There he succeeded in proving the spontaneous emission of neutrons of the elements uranium and thorium as a result of spontaneous nuclear fission . As a result, he moved to the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt and worked there and at the test center of the Heereswaffenamt in Gottow on the G1 experiment, a uranium machine. In 1944 he moved to the Physics Institute at the University of Leipzig to work on the development of a cyclotron for isotope separation.

Research in the Soviet Union

At the end of the Second World War, the Soviet Union tried to secure the research results and the scientists of the Uranium Association for the Soviet atomic bomb project . In 1946 he became head of one of the three research laboratories set up for German nuclear physicists in the Soviet Union with the aim of developing a Soviet atomic bomb within five years . In autumn 1945, Pose was in charge of Labor W in Obninsk from February 1946 to 1955 . The laboratory worked on the measurement of nuclear constants and researched a nuclear reactor with beryllium as a moderator, and a gas-cooled reactor operated with enriched uranium was also investigated. Later work aimed at the separation of isotopes. Afterwards Pose worked at the United Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna until 1959 and researched in particular the proton-proton interaction at high energies.

During this period, Pose was repeatedly observed by Western secret services such as the Gehlen organization when visiting Germany . In 1958 his brother Werner Pose tried to persuade him to move to the USA on behalf of the CIA , which Heinz Pose did not respond to.

Professorship in Dresden

Heinz Pose's grave in the Old Annenfriedhof

In 1959, Pose went to the Technical University of Dresden as director of the Institute for General Nuclear Technology and took over the chair for neutron physics in reactors . In the following years, the chair was first renamed the Chair for Experimental Nuclear Physics and later the Chair for Experimental Physics / Nuclear Physics . In 1968 the institute was converted into the nuclear physics science area. Until his retirement in 1970, Professor Pose mainly researched the inelastic scattering and polarization of neutrons.

He received numerous state awards, including the Patriotic Order of Merit in silver in 1961 and in gold in 1975.

Pose died in Dresden in 1975. His grave is in the old Annenfriedhof there .

Selected publications

Nuclear physics research reports

Pose published his research results for the uranium association in the top secret nuclear physics research reports :

  • F. Berkei, W. Borrmann, W. Czulius, Kurt Diebner, Georg Hartwig, KH Höcker, W. Herrmann, H. Pose, and Ernst Rexer report on a cube experiment with uranium oxide and paraffin (November 26, 1942). G-125.
  • Heinz Pose and Ernst Rexer experiments with different geometrical arrangements of uranium oxide and paraffin (October 12, 1943). G-240.

magazine for physics

  • Heinz Pose: Experimental investigations on the diffusion of slow electrons in noble gases , Zeitschrift für Physik , Volume 52, Number 5–6, 428–447 (1929) bibcode : 1929ZPhy ... 52..428P
  • Heinz Pose: Measurement of individual corpuscular rays in the presence of intense gamma rays , Zeitschrift für Physik , Volume 102, Number 5–6, 379–407 (1936) bibcode : 1936ZPhy..102..379P

Works

  • Introduction to the physics of the atomic nucleus , Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, 1971.

bibliography

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heinz Pose. catalogus-professorum-halensis.de, archived from the original on October 19, 2007 ; accessed on May 16, 2013 .
  2. ↑ a b c Dieter Seeliger: The creator of the laboratory "W" would have an anniversary. (PDF; 1.4 MB) Dresdner Universitätsjournal , April 5, 2005, p. 11 , accessed on May 5, 2017 .
  3. ^ Maddrell, Paul Spying on Science: Western Intelligence in Divided Germany 1945–1961 , pp. 199–200 (Oxford, 2006) ISBN 0-19-926750-2 .
  4. ^ New Germany , October 10, 1961, p. 2
  5. ↑ Neues Deutschland, August 21, 1975, p. 5
personal data
SURNAME Pose, Heinz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physicist
DATE OF BIRTH April 10, 1905
PLACE OF BIRTH Koenigsberg
DATE OF DEATH November 13, 1975
Place of death Dresden