Dioscorea rotundata

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Dioscorea rotundata
Own yam.jpg

Dioscorea rotundata

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Monocots
Order : Yams (Dioscoreales)
Family : Yam family (Dioscoreaceae)
Genre : Yams ( Dioscorea )
Type : Dioscorea rotundata
Scientific name
Dioscorea rotundata
Poir.

Dioscorea rotundata is a species of the genus Yams ( Dioscorea ) within the yam family(Dioscoreaceae). German common names are Guinea-Yamswurzel , Weißer Guinea Yam , White Yamswurzel , Weißer Yam , or Guinea Yams . It is one of the most important types of yams grown.

description

Dioscorea rotundata grows as a twisting, perennial herbaceous plant . It forms root tubers as a permanent organ. The right-hand winding stem axis is cylindrical and often reinforced with spikes. The stalked leaves are dark green.

The flowers are always unisexual.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40 or 60.

Distribution and origin

Dioscorea rotundata is only known from culture. The origin is probably in West Africa . Several species are the origin of this form of culture. New cultivars of Dioscorea rotundata are still being bred from wild forms .

Systematics

The first description of Dioscorea rotundata was in 1813 by Jean Louis Marie Poiret in Encyclopedie Methodique. Botanique ... (J. Lamarck & al.) Supplement 3, p. 139. It is also known as the subspecies Dioscorea cayennensis subsp. rotundata (Poir.) J. Miège placed in Dioscorea cayennensis .

use

Almost 96% of global yam production is obtained from cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa. The proportion of Dioscorea rotundata in this area is about 90%. Only in the Ivory Coast is the main part of about 70% produced with Dioscorea alata .

Dioscorea rotundata is grown for harvesting tubers. Dioscorea rotundata has a distinct dormancy. It takes 180 to 300 days from planting to harvest. The harvested root tubers usually weigh 2 to 5 kg, on good cultivation areas up to 10 kg and 20 to 25 kg have been reported.

Common names

There are many common names in different languages:

  • German: Guinea-Yams, White Guinea Yam, Guinea-Yamswurzel, White Yamswurzel, Yamwurzel, White Yam
  • English: White yam, Guinea yam, White Guinea yam, Eight months yam, Common yam, Round white yam,
  • French: Igname blanc, Igname de Guinée, Igname de Guinée blanche
  • Spanish: Ñame Guieno blanco, Ñame blanco (also for Dioscorea alata )
  • Portuguese: Cará branco (Brazil)
  • Chinese: Bai shu yu
  • Japanese: シ ロ ギ ニ ア ヤ ム Shiro ginia yama
  • Russian: Белый ямс = Belyi iams, Диоскорея округлая = Dioskoreia okruglaia
  • Greek: Glycopatata
  • Italian: Dioscorea
  • other: Eboe yam (in West Africa)

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Dioscorea rotundata in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Novel Food - data sheet of the European Commission . ( Memento of the original from December 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / ec.europa.eu
  3. ^ HM Burkill: The useful plants of west tropical Africa , Volume 1, 1985. Full text online.
  4. ↑ a b c d e EcoCrop data sheet from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations = FAO, 2010.
  5. ↑ a b Dioscorea rotundata at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed October 1, 2016.
  6. ↑ a b Roland Dumont: Biodiversity and Domestication of Yams in West Africa: Traditional Practices Leading to Dioscorea Rotundata Poir , Collection Update sciences & technologies, Editions Quae, 2006. ISBN 978-2-87614-632-7 : limited preview in Google - Book search
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h M. H. Porcher et al .: Multilingual Multiscripted Plant Name Database = MMPND.

further reading