Discyphus scopulariae
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The orchid Discyphus scopulariae is the only species in the genus Discyphus . The disjoint distribution area is in Panama, Venezuela and Brazil.
description
Discyphus scopulariae is a small, perennial , terrestrial plant. The roots , which arise in clusters close together, are fleshy, cylindrical to spindle-shaped and smooth. The only basal leaf is spread out horizontally on the ground. It is rounded in outline, the base is heart-shaped, and the tip is rounded.
The terminal, racemose inflorescence is covered with brown glandular hairs. Two to three small bracts sit on the peduncle at intervals . At the end of the shoot, the small, greenish flowers are close together. Bracts and ovaries are hairy, the ovary is twisted and, like the flowers, points upwards. The sepals have the same shape and are fused together in the lower part. The free ends form a tube that is only slightly open. The dorsal sepal is concave, the base of the side sepals descends on the pedestal and forms a nectarium with it. The petals are free, they easily adhere to the edges of the column . The lip is long nailed, the nail is fused with the lateral sepals, the blade is fleshy arrow-shaped at the base with nectar glands pointing backwards. The column is short, runny on the underside, long at the base reaching beyond the ovary ("column foot"). The scar consists of two clearly separated surfaces that point slightly forward at the blunt column tip. Each surface is surrounded by a slightly raised edge and sunk into a cup. The stamen is narrow oval and pointed. It is clearly hooded by the tissue of the column (clinadrium), but the stamen is not completely fused with the clinandrium. The pollinia are club-shaped and adhere to the thick, oval adhesive disc ( Viscidium ). The separating tissue between the stigma and the stamen (rostellum) is straight, triangular, deeply divided with two tips after the adhesive disk has been removed.
distribution
Discyphus scopulariae is known from several, clearly separated areas. They are located in Panama, Venezuela and Trinidad as well as in two areas in eastern Brazil. The locations are at altitudes of 400 to 500 meters. Open grasslands and savannas are populated.
Systematics and botanical history
The description of Discyphus scopulariae comes from Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach , who classified the species in the genus Spiranthes in 1854 . Schlechter established its own genre in 1919. The name Discyphus , which he chose, is made up of the Greek words di- , "two", and skyphos for a bowl-shaped cavity. It refers to the two, at least when dry, bowl-shaped, scar surfaces.
Discyphus is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Spiranthinae . There are no known closely related species.
One can distinguish between two varieties:
- Discyphus scopulariae var. Longiauriculata Szlach. : It occurs on ´Trinidad.
- Discyphus scopulariae var. Scopulariae : It occurs in Panama, in northern Venezuela and in northeastern Brazil.
supporting documents
The information in this article comes from:
- Leslie A. Garay: A generic revision of the Spiranthinae . In: Botanical Museum Leaflets of Harvard University . tape 28 , no. 4 , 1982, pp. 314-315 .
- Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3/2 . Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 199-202 .
- Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Discyphus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Discyphus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 1, 2020.
Further information
- List of orchid genera
- Photos of Discyphus scopulariae at CalPhotos
