Dissociation (development theory)

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The dissociation or decoupling is a demand advocated in the development-political discussion for a temporary separation of developing countries from the world market with the aim of building an independent and viable economy and society based on its own resources and the needs of the developing country concerned. The dissociation theory was mainly championed by Dieter Senghaas and formulated by him as well as Samir Amin and Ulrich Menzel . The dissociation model saw itself as a counter-model to the model of global market integrative and associative development that predominates in development policy practice . It met with sharp criticism and conflicting experiences in the emerging countries , so that it was practically abandoned in the mid-1980s.

The dissociation theory followed on from the theory of Friedrich List , who had advocated the protectionist theory of the “production of productive forces” in order to unlock one's own development potential for the economies of continental European countries that initially lagged behind the economy of Great Britain in the 19th century . List had contrasted the theory of the “production of productive forces” with the classical liberal theory that came from Britain in the mid-19th century. The dissociation theory also transferred historical experiences from the development process of the modern industrialized countries as well as the socialist development of some countries ( PR China , Albania , North Korea ) to the development process of the developing countries and formulated the following development policy consequences for the majority of them:

This break should be limited to the point in time when the existing structural deficiencies of the developing economies (through a strategy of auto-centered development ) and their social consequences ( unemployment , gross inequality of income distribution , poverty , indebtedness, etc.) have been remedied to such an extent that the developing countries on an equal footing in the global market and with the same benefits in accordance with the doctrine of comparative costs to participate could.

The representatives of the dissociation of North Korea, where in the course of forced industrialization, workers were transferred from agriculture to industry and there was a sharp increase in the urban population, without that of South Korea, were considered a successful example of the restructuring of the economy while decoupling from the world market known negative side effects ( slumping , marginalization , inflation of the service sector ) were observed.

In addition to neoclassical theory, dissociation was one of the two theories that characterized the discussion in development circles in the 1980s and not only offered contradicting perspectives on the topic, but also had different effects on development cooperation. While neoclassical theory became the leading doctrine of the World Bank for several years , the theory of dissociation did not assign a special role to development cooperation and therefore had little effect on it. The dissociation, however, reflects the state of discussion in the dependence theory at that time.

literature

  • Senghaas, Dieter: World economy and development. Plea for dissociation , Frankfurt 1977.
  • Matthies, Volker: New World Economic Order , Opladen 1980.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Dieter Nohlen: Dissociation . In: Dieter Nohlen (Ed.): Lexicon Third World: Countries, Organizations, Theories, Concepts, People , Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1993, ISBN 9783499163548 ; P. 171 f.
  2. ^ A b c Philipp Dann: The Law of Development Cooperation: A Comparative Analysis of the World Bank, the EU and Germany , Cambridge University Press, 2013, ISBN 9781107020290 , pp. 87 f.
  3. ^ Rainer Knoblauch: Korea-North (NK) . In: Dieter Nohlen (Ed.): Lexicon Third World: Countries, Organizations, Theories, Concepts, People , Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1993, ISBN 9783499163548 ; Pp. 408-410.