Dolicharthria punctalis

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Dolicharthria punctalis
Dolicharthria punctalis

Dolicharthria punctalis

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Crambidae
Subfamily : Spilomelinae
Genre : Dolicharthria
Type : Dolicharthria punctalis
Scientific name
Dolicharthria punctalis
( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775)

Dolicharthria punctata is a butterfly from the family of Crambidae .

features

The wingspan of the moth is 22 to 27 millimeters (or a forewing length of 9 to 11 mm). The upper sides of the wings are dark brown, also clay yellow and have two jagged, slightly darker, thin transverse lines. The outer transverse line jumps back sharply towards the inner edge. Between the transverse lines sits a bright, mostly white or yellowish-white crescent moon (moon spot) that is open towards the apex . In some specimens, another small white spot may be formed at the point of contact of the inner transverse line with (or very close to) the costal edge. The contact of the outer transverse line with the costal edge is often intensified like spots. Often the middle field (between the two transverse lines) is colored a little darker than the rest of the upper side of the forewing. In some specimens, the outer transverse line can also be very thinly lined with light. The hind wings are the same color as the fore wings or are a little lighter. The fringes are often darker than the base color of the wings. The long antennae, which are as long as the forewings, and the extremely long legs are striking.

The caterpillars are yellowish green and have a reddish brown head. The back line is dark.

The brown pupa is 9.0 mm long and 2.1 mm in diameter. The cremaster is relatively long, broad and pointed at the base. The bristles concentrated at the end of the cremation are slender, medium-length and curved like a hook.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The species is native to Central and Southern Europe. In the north it occurs as far as the southern part of the British Isles and as far as southern Scandinavia . It occurs only very locally in the British Isles (south-west coast of England , Wales , Channel Islands ). In the east, the occurrence extends over the Balkan Peninsula to Asia Minor .

The species prefers fresh to moist locations , such as floodplains, forest edges and forest clearings.

Way of life

Depending on the region in Europe, Dolicharthria punctalis forms in one or two generations, the moths of which fly from May to September. In the north of the range, where only one generation is formed, the moths fly from July to August. In southern Turkey, the moths were even found from March to November. It can be assumed that more than two generations are formed here. The moths hide in the vegetation during the day and fly at dusk and at night. You come to artificial light sources. The caterpillars can be found from September. However, there are different statements in the literature about the way of life of the oligophagous caterpillars. According to Hannemann (1964) they feed on the flowers and leaves of common horn clover ( Lotus corniculatus ), common seaweed ( Zostera marina ), clover ( Trifolium ) and other plants. According to Schütze in 1931, they feed on old roots of mugwort ( Artemisia vulgaris ) and in webs on dead plant parts, leaves and plant waste. The caterpillars overwinter and pupate in May in a cocoon covered with leaf parts .

Systematics and taxonomy

The taxon was first scientifically described in 1775 by Michael Denis and Johann Ignaz Schiffermüller as Pyralis punctalis . It is the type species of the genus Dolicharthria Stephens, 1834. The holotype came from the area around Vienna and has been lost. In older publications the species can also be found in the combination of Stenia punctalis .

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Ian Kimber - UK Moths ( Memento of the original from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / ukmoths.org.uk
  2. ↑ a b c d Hannemann (1964: p. 306)
  3. ^ Karl Eckstein, Die Kleinschmetterlinge Deutschlands , Lutz, Stuttgart 1933
  4. ↑ a b Eckstein (1933: p. 62)
  5. ↑ a b Jan Patočka: The pupae of the Central European borer (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Pyralidae). Subfamilies Acentropinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae and Pyraustinae. In: Linz biological contributions. 33rd volume, issue 1, Linz 2001, pp. 347-405 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  6. ↑ Slamka (1997: p. 24/5)
  7. ↑ Erol Ataya: New Record for the Turkish Dolicharthria Stephes [sic], 1834 (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Pyraustinae) Fauna of Adana Province. Ekoloji, 14 (56): 30–32, 2005 PDF ( Memento of the original from March 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / ekoloji.com.tr
  8. ↑ Schütze (1931: p. 192)
  9. ↑ a b Albert Grabe: Strange flavors in small butterfly caterpillars. Journal of the Vienna Entomologists Association, 27: 105–109, 1942. PDF
  10. ^ Michael Denis and Johann Ignaz Schiffermüller: Systematic directory of butterflies in the Vienna region. 322 S., Bernardi, Vienna 1776 Online at GDZ - Göttinger Digitization Center (The work announcement of a systematic work on the butterflies of the Vienna region by Michael Denis and Johann Ignaz Schiffermüller from 1775 is an identical preprint of the digitized work from 1776)

literature

  • Karl Eckstein: The butterflies of Germany. 5th volume. The small butterflies of Germany. KG Lutz Verlag, Stuttgart 1933.
  • Hans-Joachim Hannemann: Small butterflies or Microlepidoptera II. The curlers (sl) (Cochylidae and Carposinidae). The moth-like (Pyraloidea). In: Friedrich Dahl: The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life. Part 50., VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena 1964.
  • Karl Traugott Schütze: The biology of the small butterflies with special consideration of their nutrient plants and times of appearance. Handbook of Microlepidoptera. Caterpillar calendar arranged according to the illustrated German Flora by H. Wagner. Verlag des Internationale Entomologische Verein e. V., Frankfurt am Main 1931.
  • František Slamka: The common moth (Pyraloidea) of Central Europe . Ed .: František Slamka. 2nd Edition. Bratislava 1997, ISBN 80-967540-2-5 .

Web links

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