Fröböke-type dolmens

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Dolmen at Jävre in Norrbotten, Bronze or Iron Age

Dolmen of the Fröböke type ( English Propped stones ) occur on burial grounds in Halland , Småland , on Öland ( Vi alvar ), in the southwest of Västergötland in Sweden, in parts of Denmark, Norway, Finland and in Russian Karelia and come from the Iron Age .

Designations

"Liggande höna (n)" ( German  "Sitzende Henne" ), or "mother hen" is a popular name for these dolmens , along with "Uppallat block" or Uppallat sten, trefotssten, stenpall, flygande sten, höna på ägg or ruvande ripa ( Swedish doze ).

  • Fröböke-type dolmens

  • Borghult dolmen

  • Dolmen of the Fröböke type on Vi alvar

  • Misterhult

  • Blackebergsblocket, Iron Age or Natural - RAÄ No. Misterhult 565: 1

  • Dolmen of the Fröböke type Domaresten

shape

The Iron Age dolmens (500 BC – 400 AD) are smaller than the Stone Age ones. Often they only consist of small stones. Sometimes they still have the only capstone on them. The dimensions of these boulders are about 85-95 cm in height, 55-75 cm in width and 20-30 cm in thickness, so that they only form a small interior space. Often one of the sides, usually the south side, is accessible. Since they are small, there is no passage and intended for individual burials. The national database of ancient monuments in Sweden lists 33 Iron Age dolmens.

Research history

In 1918 Knut Kjellmark was the first to discover that a dolmen from Nöttja was from the Iron Age. Kjellmark's dolmen contained only a few calcined bones.

In 1919, Ture J. Arne reported on the excavation of three dolmens on the cemetery of Nöttja in the county of Kronoberg , near Ljungby . There are two grave fields from the younger Iron Age here. Arne found a piece of bronze with a few rivets , a small iron ring and over 100 small pieces of white quartz , some burned bones and a layer of charcoal , small iron and bronze pieces and the rest of an antler comb at the bottom . A small cluster of human bones was mixed with charcoal. The third plant was empty. Arne compared the artifacts from the graves with finds from Denmark and Gotland and dated the finds to the Roman Iron Age.

In 1935 Claes Claesson excavated a dolmen in the burial ground of Pukaryd in Tofteryd municipality in Småland . The dolmen was in the north corner of a square stone pavement.

In 1992 an Iron Age area was excavated on the cemetery of Byarum (Vaggeryd) in Småland and published by AM Nordman. This area of ​​the burial ground was dated to approx. 400-550 AD ( Migration Period ). Here there were stone circles and iron age dolms that lay in angular stone settings . All entrances went south. A small “bone chamber” was found in the dolmen, where, in addition to burnt bones, there were also finds made of bronze and iron.

In 2006, a dolmen was excavated by the Arkeologicentrum during a rescue excavation in Odensjö . A piece of pitch was identified on the burned bones of a toddler , probably the remains of a birch bark box in which the bones were buried.

Parallels

Since the type of grave was unusual for Sweden, Arne looked for parallels. The only one he found was in the Crimea , where NI Repnikov had excavated burial mounds with Iron Age dolmens in 1907 on the heights of Baidarskoj near the village of Skelja-Kamenolomnja (now Rodnikowoje ).

See also

literature

  • David Shepherd: Propped Stones: The Modification of Natural Features and the Construction of Place In: The Journal of Archeology, Consciousness and Culture Volume 6, 2013

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stendösar från järnålder, Fornvännen 14, 127-139, http://samla.raa.se/xmlui/bitstream/handle/raa/689/1919_127.pdf?sequence=1
  2. ↑ AM Nordman, Ett järnåldersgravfält i Byarum. In: Mikael Nordström / Linnéa Varenius (eds.), Det Nära förflutna - om arkeologi i Jönköpings län , Jönköping, Jönköpings läns Museum 1997
  3. ↑ Н. И. Репников, Каменные ящики Байдарской долины. Известия Императорской Археологической Комиссии 1909

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