Double membrane

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Schematic representation of the respiratory chain with inner and outer mitochondrial membrane, which together form a double membrane.

A double diaphragm or double diaphragm in the cell biology and histology an envelope around a cell component ( organelle ) consisting of two biomembranes consists. An intermediate space , the intermembrane space , is visible under an electron microscope . A biomembrane consists of a lipid bilayer , so a double membrane consists of two lipid bilayers.

Deviating from this definition, a single lipid bilayer is occasionally referred to as a double membrane, lipid double membrane or bilayer membrane in the literature.

Double membranes (made up of two lipid bilayers) surround cell nuclei (see nuclear envelope ), mitochondria and plastids , which also include the chloroplasts of green plants. They are also found on autophagosomes and mitosomes . According to the rule of compartmentalization , the interior of these organelles belongs to a plasmatic phase, the space between the two lipid bilayers to a non-plasmatic phase.

According to the endosymbiotic theory , the double membranes of mitochondria and plastids were created when eukaryotic cells ingested bacteria or cyanobacteria by phagocytosis . The inner membrane of these organelles therefore corresponds to the bacterial membrane, while the outer one was created by invaginating the cell membrane of the eukaryotic cell.

Schematic representation of the nuclear envelope. The space between the inner and outer nuclear envelope merges into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), nuclear pores form connections between the nuclear contents and the cytoplasm .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Katharina Munk (ed.): Pocket textbook biology. Biochemistry · Cell Biology . Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-13-144831-6 , p. 6, 341, 389 .
  2. ^ A b Neil A. Campbell, Jane B. Reece: Biology . 8th edition. Pearson, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-8273-7287-1 , pp. 137, 140 .
  3. ^ A b Hans-Christian Pape, Armin Kurtz, Stefan Silbernagel: Physiology . 7th edition. Thieme, Stuttgart 2014, ISBN 978-3-13-796007-2 , p. 45 .
  4. ↑ DNB 951040766 Pocket Atlas of Biochemistry / Jan Koolman; Klaus-Heinrich Röhm. Color plate by Jürgen Wirth Thieme 1998
  5. ↑ Katharina Munk (ed.): Pocket textbook biology. Biochemistry · Cell Biology . Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-13-144831-6 , p. 406 .
  6. ^ Hans-Christian Pape, Armin Kurtz, Stefan Silbernagel: Physiology . 7th edition. Thieme, Stuttgart 2014, ISBN 978-3-13-796007-2 , p. 43 .
  7. ^ Mizushima N, Ohsumi Y, Yoshimori T: Autophagosome formation in mammalian cells . In: Cell Struct. Funct. . 27, No. 6, December 2002, pp. 421-9. doi : 10.1247 / csf.27.421 . PMID 12576635 .
  8. ↑ Andrew J. Roger, Jeffrey D. Silberman: Cell evolution. Mitochondria in hiding . In: Nature . tape 418 , no. 6900 , August 22, 2002, ISSN  0028-0836 , p. 827-829 , doi : 10.1038 / 418827a , PMID 12192393 .
  9. ↑ Hans Kleinig, Uwe Maier: Cell Biology: A Textbook . Founded by Hans Kleinig and Peter Sitte. 4th edition. Gustav Fischer Verlag , Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-437-26010-3 .