Loburg Castle

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Loburg Castle
Aerial photo (2014)
The builders of the Loburg: Josef Marsil Wilhelm Xaver von Nagel zur Loburg
and his wife Maria Anna von Nagel from Haus Herl

The Loburg Castle is a moated castle near Ostbevern in Münsterland . Loburg Castle was first mentioned in a document in 1294. In the 15th century it was expanded to include a partial fortification and in 1760 it was converted into a baroque pleasure palace according to plans by Johann Conrad Schlaun . Today the castle, which was rebuilt in the neo-baroque style after a fire in 1900, houses a school with a boarding school. The castle is surrounded by the Loburg Park with its rhododendron complex , and the Loburger Kreuzweg leads through the adjacent forest .

history

Schulzenhof Loburg

On July 19, 1294, a "Lohaus" was first mentioned in a document. It was owned by the Schulzen from "Lohove". Knight Gerlach von Bevern and his son Hermann presented a vicarie they had donated with pensions. The first vicar bought the Wieschhaus inheritance. The Loburg is likely to have become a well-off property and one of the sizeable benefices.

Knight's Castle Loburg

It came to her husband Dietrich Stael around 1400 through the hand of the heiress Kunigunde von Bevern. From 1412 a "Lohoff castrum Johannes de Bevern" appeared. Since a castle was mentioned for the first time, it can be assumed that it was built around the year 1400. The still existing in 1828 show a stately extent. In the description recovered in 1984 it says:

“The other aristocratic seat is in the northeast, but there is no river around it. If you approach the castle from the front, it is open, only protected by a triple moat; if you come from the back, through a simple… There are huge trees around the castle, which hide the castle from view if you don't get closer. The arable land that surrounds the castle on all sides is partly loamy, partly sandy, but very productive in the cultivation of wheat, oats, barley and that brown grain. (true. buckwheat) "

- Eugen Kotte

Droste to the Loburg

In 1517 the heiress Anna Stael zu Loburg married Heinrich von Münster, but the marriage remained childless. When Anna Stael died around 1559, the estate was divided. Half of the farms and a compensation of 3,500 thalers went to the siblings Heinrich, Johann and Lenecke Korff , the other half of the farms and the Loburg house to the Droste family . Once out of the marriage of Joachim Droste to Loburg and his wife Elizabeth of Chalon no male heir was sprung, the castle finally came to daughter Elisabeth Anna Droste to Loburg that the estate on 14 April 1649 marriage to Adolf Nagel with brought in.

From nail to loburg

In 1651 Adolf von Nagel zu Ittlingen was named as the owner and thus established the 134-year-old dynasty of the von Nagel auf der Loburg family. Their first son Georg Joachim married Magaretha Adelheid Dorothea von Eerde († 1724). Their son Johann Caspar Friedrich von Nagel zu Loburg married Elisabeth Bernhardina Theodora von Valcke in 1716, who had previously been canons of Nottuln Abbey . The younger son Heidenreich Adolf, canon of Münster and Osnabrück, provost of St. Mauritz and Münster court chamber president, inherited Loburg Castle after the death of his brother Johann Caspar in 1732. With him, the older branch of Nagel zu Loburg died out in 1748. Adolf's second son Wilhelm Franz von Nagel zu Loburg married Catharina Charlotte von Köth zu Wanscheid on August 25, 1695 (daughter of Johann Wilhelm Köth von Wanscheid and Clara Elisabeth von Cronberg). There were several conflicts over jurisdictions with the neighboring Schenckinck family at Haus Bevern . The ongoing conflict between the two families resulted in two disputes. To make matters worse, Wilhelm Franz von Nagel also borrowed money from Johann Eberhard Droste zu Nienburg and did not pay it back. The creditor then seized the Keuschenburg house . Von Nagel was initially able to avert this with the help of a relative in Münster, Dietrich Hermann von Nagel , who was sergeant-general of Prince-Bishop Christoph Bernhard von Galen . His adversary was arrested on April 26, 1675, and on August 7, 1675, the Nienburg was destroyed by the soldiers of Dietrich Hermann von Nagel on the orders of Prince-Bishop Christoph Bernhard von Galen . But this had already applied for reversion at the Reich Chamber of Commerce in Speyer. In 1685, the Keuschenburg and Nienburg were re-assigned as owners to Johann Eberhard Droste . A relative of Wilhelm Franz von Nagel, Christoph Bernhard von Nagel, was able to purchase the Nienburg, but the Keuschenburg was lost to Wilhelm Franz von Nagel and his debts had not become less, but more. Von Nagel applied for state parliamentary eligibility, which he was granted and guaranteed him limited participation in the prince-bishopric. In 1742 his son Josef Marsil Wilhelm Xaver von Nagel zur Loburg , based on the old feudal claims, succeeded in gaining usufruct for the Keuschenburg for his family. Loburg Castle was in a bad condition, so that despite the financially precarious situation, Josef Marsil Wilhelm and his wife Maria started planning a new baroque palace.

The hose construction

Floor plan of the Schlaunbau

In 1760 the castle in need of repair was demolished. According to plans by Johann Conrad Schlaun , a small baroque palace was built in 1766 with an oval courtyard and broad moats, over which three drawbridges led. The castle itself was built on two floors with a mansard roof , a double staircase in front of the central front and a three-sided projecting central projection. In 1785, Clemens August Theodor Josef von Nagel zur Loburg , the son of the builder, had to foreclose the Loburg Castle for financial reasons. The building of the palace also contributed to the family's ruin. On June 7, 1785, it was sold to the highest bidder in a foreclosure auction with around 500 acres of land. The impoverished Nagel family had previously moved to the Keuschenburg house , which no longer belonged to them, but where they still had a usufruct.

Elverfeldt called from Beverfoerde zu Werries

The bidder was Friedrich Clemens von Elverfeldt zu Dahlhausen and Steinhausen , who made it the ancestral home of those von Elverfeld called Beverförde-Werries . With this he led numerous legal disputes, such as over the Kattmanns Kamp , which he finally came into possession. In 1789, Emperor Joseph II granted the baron the double title, which is still part of the name today. On April 24, 1792, in Telgte , he married Maria Anna Wilhelmine von und zu Westerholt-Gysenberg , a student and possible childhood sweetheart of Beethoven . In 1802, before the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , he took over the hereditary office of Drosten in the office of Bocholt of the Duchy of Münster , and before the establishment of the Département de l'Ems-Supérieur he was Mayor of the canton Ostbevern from 1810 to February 1814 . He was able to skillfully use the French rule for his ascent. In this career he benefited from the fact that the Prussian seizure of possession in 1802/1803 had led to a rift within the long-established nobility. He collaborated with the occupying forces, became a French civil servant and, with the title Juge de Paix, overtook the Droste zu Vischerings , who, as Lord von Bevern , had exercised jurisdiction in Ostbevern as Drost until 1809. He took a leading, not altruistic role in secularization , the abolition and distribution of the monastery property of the Rengering monastery and the Vinnenberg monastery . A chimney of the Vinnenberg monastery at Loburg Castle can still be viewed today. Even when the construction of the section of the N3 was ordered by Napoleon in 1811 as "routes imperiales" or Napoleonchaussee ( Paris - Liège - Wesel - Hamburg , today part of the federal highway 51 and the main street of Ostbevern), he allowed up to in Ostbevern and the surrounding area 300 workers (Ostbevern had a total of 2221 inhabitants in 1811, while Ladbergen Stand 1811, which was almost the same size with 2179 inhabitants, had only 150 workers to provide) and 15 two-horse wagons were forcibly recruited. The postal route from Münster to Osnabrück, which had been via Ladbergen and Lengerich since 1688, was routed via Telgte, Ostbevern, Glandorf, Iburg for military reasons. The Sachsenrast was built as a relay station in Ostbevern . After the end of Napoleon Bonaparte , he switched sides again. But the French offices in the Restoration brought him lifelong hostility among the German nationalists, such as Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein , and among the conservatives, such as Ludwig von Vincke . The Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. gave him the cold shoulder. Only after his death was his son Carl Adolf von Elverfeldt, called von Beverfoerde zu Werries, rehabilitated by Friedrich Wilhelm IV on December 19, 1844 by recognizing his baron status.

The castle fire

Floor plan of the new Loburg

In 1899 the castle fell victim to a devastating fire. The accident was prophesied by a local Spökenkieker .

“He wanted to have seen the sparks from the lock ignited by the lightning strike far north to a hedge 200 meters high. The man was laughed at. But then everything turned out almost exactly the same. "

- Eugen Kotte

The castle caught fire on July 22nd, 1899 due to two lightning strikes and was destroyed to the ground.

“Ostbevern, July 23. Yesterday, Saturday evening at 8 o'clock, a very heavy thunderstorm, which lasted until ½ 11 o'clock, unloaded over our village and our community. Eerily meandering lightning bolted through the air in all directions. ... Suddenly a cloud of smoke was visible in the northeast of the village and the bell reported fire. Everything ran out of houses and 'where's the fire?' Was the only question. 'The Loburg is on fire' was the answer. Lightning struck the Loburg twice. The clouds of smoke grew stronger and stronger, and in spite of the efforts of the volunteers, the roof of the high house collapsed and everything that had not been carried out of the house burned. ... This morning the Baron von Beverförde-Werries moved with his family and Dr. Neteler to his residence in Münster. "

- New Emsbote from July 25, 1899

The lost Beethoven sonata

An unpublished handwritten sonata by Beethoven - because it was in a safe, no copy had been made - was irretrievably lost in the fire . Beethoven dedicated it to Maria Anna Wilhelmine von und zu Westerholt-Gysenberg in the summer of 1791 . She was his student at Westerholt Castle and in Münster and was considered an excellent pianist. On April 24, 1792 she married Baron Friedrich Clemens von Elversfeldt called Beverförde-Werries. The marriage produced four sons and one daughter. Maria Anna Wilhelmine stayed in Ostbevern until her death and was buried in the Anna Chapel named after her at the side of her husband.

The Schaedtlerbau

Just one year after the fire (1900–1901), the castle - the ancestral seat of the Beverförde zu Werries family - was rebuilt in an expanded form (almost twice as large) by a neo-baroque building by the architect Hermann Schaedtler from Hanover. The new building resembles the old castle, which was made a requirement of the architect. The namesake of the builders, Karl Borromäus and Empress Adelheid , are depicted in the windows of today's Hubertus Chapel. The alliance coat of arms of the builder as well as his motto "DEUS ADIUTOR ET PROTECTOR MEUS" (German: God my helper and protector) are affixed in the central projection of the gable. In 1903 the Loburger Park was created.

After the Second World War , which the castle survived unscathed, refugees were forcibly quartered. Meanwhile, on October 1, 1948 , the Christian school brothers re-established the Johanneum grammar school in Wadersloh , which was now to become an episcopal school and a boys' convent . But the episcopal vicariate wanted to go to Ostbevern in the Loburg, as there was more space available. On March 10, 1951, the decision was made to lease the castle to the diocese of Münster , and the Konvikt was moved to Ostbevern, which is now the Johanneum Loburg Ostbevern. The castle with all the outbuildings was handed over to the diocese of Münster. The baronial family moved into the former Rentei (Lütke Loburg). Bishop Michael Keller founded the Collegium Johanneum, a free Catholic boarding high school. In 1973 the outbuildings of the castle were demolished and replaced by boarding houses for schoolchildren. The shape is reminiscent of the old servants' houses, which means that the court character has been preserved.

Vinnenberger chimney

A chimney from the abandoned Vinnenberg monastery can still be seen in Loburg Castle . At the time of secularization in the canton of Ostbevern, under the leadership of Friedrich Clemens von Elverfeldt called Beverförde zu Werries, the monastery buildings were partially abandoned with the exception of the church from 1810. The chronodistichon can be seen in the middle above the mantelpiece made of Baumberger sandstone with a richly decorated coat of arms : InsIgnIa heroICa pla VIrtVtVM InDICIa (1724).

Boarding school "Collegium Johanneum"

Aerial photo (2014): Loburg Castle with graves in the center ; to the right of it boarding school, in the foreground school building and St. John's Church

General

The "Collegium Johanneum", a free Catholic boarding school of the diocese of Münster, has existed since 1953. In 1967 the Johannes Church was inaugurated. Girls have been admitted to the grammar school since the school year 1994/95 (initially only as "external", so no residents of the boarding school). The last year of high school graduation at the pure boys' school (1993/94) celebrated their farewell under the motto “No woman, no cry - the last true Loburger”, while the first mixed year (1994/95) chose the motto “Ladies & Gentlemen”.

Until the 2000/01 school year, the boarding school was purely for boys. Girls have also been admitted to the boarding school since the 2001/02 school year. Since then, the number of girls in the boarding school has grown steadily and now they make up half of all boarding school students.

Boarding school director

  • until 1965 Ludwig Averkamp
  • 1965–1969: Walter Rensing
  • 1969–1978: Ulrich Zurkuhlen
  • 1978–1982: Hans Döink
  • 1982–1988: Ferdinand Schumacher
  • 1988–2010: Günter Witthake
  • 2010–2013: Konrad von der Beeke
  • 2014–2015: Oliver Niedostadek, Dorothee Reckert
  • since 2015: Oliver Niedostadek

principal

  • before 1962: Josef Smolin
  • 1962–1980: Josef Stenmans
  • 1980–1994: Gert Beutgen
  • 1995–2010: Günter Witthake
  • since 2010: Michael Bertels

Well-known graduates

Events

  • Summer party on the last Sunday before the summer holidays
  • Advent bazaar on the 1st of Advent
  • Loburger Waldlauf, where thousands of elementary school children gather every year to determine who is the fastest on the 700 m long route and to enjoy the pea soup traditionally served at this event.
  • Several times a year, Loburg Castle is the venue for theater performances, some of which come from our own company and some from professional stages, as well as concerts to which top musicians are often invited.
  • photos

  • the plant around 1760

  • the Schlaunbau from the courtyard side

  • Schlaunbau from the courtyard side

  • the Schaedtlerbau from the courtyard side

  • the moated castle with the old servants' houses around 1960

  • the Vinnenberg chimney at Loburg Castle in 1928

literature

  • Rudolf Hölker: Architectural and Art Monuments of Westphalia , Volume 42: Warendorf District , Aschendorff-Verlag, Münster 1936
  • Siegfried Schmieder : Ostbevern - Contributions to history and culture , History of the Loburg, Warendorf 1988,
  • Siegfried Schmieder: Inventory of the Ostbevern official archive , publications from the Warendorf district archive, issue 12, Warendorf 1981
  • Gertrud Knemeyer: Memories of the Loburg period from 1920 to 1950 , 2012, ISBN 3-89688-480-8

Web links

Commons : Schloss Loburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Siegfried Schmieder: Ostbevern - Contributions to History and Culture, History of Loburg, Warendorf 1988, pp. 566-567
  2. ↑ State Archives North Rhine-Westphalia (see Act. Praise 64)
  3. ↑ State Archive North Rhine-Westphalia (C.Tat.Lob.23 and C.Tat.Lob.31)
  4. ↑ Eugen Kotte: Ostbevern, essays on village history , Ostbevern 1987, p. 35.
  5. ↑ Sven Solterbeck: Blue blood and red numbers. Westphalian nobility in bankruptcy 1700–1815 , Münster: Waxmann 2018, pp. 223–236.
  6. ↑ Although the ownership structure remained unchanged, according to the files in the archive, Felix von Lilien and his descendants and then Maximilian Graf Berghe von Trips (born June 29, 1850, † September 6, 1921) became the owners of the Loburg from 1908 to 1912 .
  7. ^ See Siegfried Schmieder: Ostbevern - Contributions to History and Culture, History of the Loburg, Warendorf 1988, p. 570
  8. ^ A b c Siegfried Schmieder: Ostbevern - Contributions to History and Culture, History of Loburg, Warendorf 1988, p. 575
  9. ↑ http://www.johanneum.de/index.php?id=43 Website of the Johanneum school history
  10. ^ Karl Hölker: Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler von Westfalen On behalf of the Provincial Association, edited by Wilhelm Rave Provinzialkonservator, 42nd volume: District Warendorf, Aschendorfsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1936, p. 375
  11. ^ Karl Hölker: Architectural and Art Monuments of Westphalia, edited by Wilhelm Rave Provinzialkonservator 42 on behalf of the Provincial Association. Volume: District Warendorf, Aschendorfsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1936 p. 394
  12. ↑ https://www.kirche-und-leben.de/artikel/pfarrer-walter-rensing-gestorben/
  13. ↑ http://www.zurkuhlen.de/ueber-mich/

Coordinates: 52 ° 2 '44.6 "  N , 7 ° 51' 37.3"  E