Down by the riverside
Down by the Riverside (also known as Ain't Gonna Study War No More and Gonna Lay Down My Burden ) is an American gospel song whose origins can be traced back to the American Civil War and which was even then known as a peace song under the title Gwine- a study was no more is detectable. For jazz standard that has been traditional in the 1940s and 1950s.
History of origin
The origin, history and composer of this gospel song are largely unknown. His affiliation with gospel music results from the text, which alludes to a quote from the Old Testament ( Mi 4.1 EU –5.14 EU ) in which it says:
“Then they forge plowshares from their swords and winemaker's knives from their lances. One no longer draws the sword, people against people, and no longer practices for war. "
In addition to the biblical content, the song also presents pacifist statements. The title I Ain't Gonna Study War no More probably goes back to the war weariness after the end of the Civil War in June 1865, but there is no evidence for this. The Jordan does not appear in the biblical quotation, but forms a nice setting for a gesture of peace. In the 1950s and 1960s the traditional played an important role in the civil rights and anti-war movement in the United States.
A similar text was already based on Marshall William Taylor's song collection on plantation melodies from 1882. There were numerous variations in the text over the course of the first few years, until the text gradually solidified from 1923 onwards. It was not until 1902 that a sheet of music appeared that contained the love song Down by the Riverside ("I met my little bright-eyed doll, (down) down by the riverside") and as composers John J. Nolan (music) and John B. Toorish (Text) mentioned. It can be assumed that the songwriter merely edited the gospel text .
The most important book source is the collection of religious folk songs by Howard Washington Odum from 1909, in which the song was again included with the original text. Another commercial collection followed in 1918 on melodies sung on plantations. Numerous other publications subsequently appeared in compilations. I Ain't Gonna Study War no More was called the song from 1920, it was not until 1923 that its current title increased. The American folklorist Carl Sandburg mentioned it in 1927 as a Spiritual entitled Ain 'go'n' to Study War No Mo . In Leonard Feather's historical jazz book, the title is mentioned as belonging to jazz.
text
The hookline Down by the Riverside , which is almost continuously repeated in the song , became the title of the song.
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1. Gonna lay down my burden,
Down by the riverside,
Down by the riverside,
Down by the riverside.
Gonna lay down my burden,
Down by the riverside,
Down by the riverside.
Chorus :
I ain't go study war no more,
study war no more,
ain't go study war no more.
I ain't go study war no more,
study war no more,
ain't go study oh war no more.
2. Gonna lay down my sword and shield
Down by the riverside ...
Chorus
3. Gonna try on my long white robe
Down by the riverside ...
Chorus
4. Gonna try on my starry crown
Down by the riverside ...
Chorus
5. Gonna put on my golden shoes
Down by the riverside ...
Chorus
6. Gonna talk with the Prince of Peace
Down by the riverside ...
Chorus
7. Gonna shake hands around the world
Down by the riverside ...
Chorus
First sound recording
The version of the Fisk University Jubilee Singers dated December 29, 1920 under the title I Ain't Gonna Study War No More is considered the first sound recording and thus the original . The part of the name "Jubilee Singers" indicates their gospel orientation, which this African-American formation at the University of Nashville cultivated. This gospel recording was only released as the single Ain't Gonna Study War No More / You Hear De Lambs A-Cryin ' ( Columbia Records 3596) in 1922 and has not survived.
Cover versions
The song was more than 600 times gecovert . First other gospel versions came out before arrangements for jazz and folk were made. A first cover version comes from the Morehouse College Quartette in June 1923 (B-side of Swing Low Sweet Chariot ; OKeh 4887) already with today's title, the Elkins-Payne Jubilee Singers followed in November 1923 (Paramount 12071). The next cover versions came from the Vaughan Quartet under the title Ain't Gwine Study War no More (recorded on November 5, 1924) and C. Mae Frierson Moore with Going to Study War no More (B-side of Everytime I Feel De Spirit , 1925), Lester McFarland and Bob Gardner ( Old-Time Music , 1926) and the Missouri Pacific Diamond Jubilee Quartets (1927) followed.
The first jazz recording was made by Sam Morgan ’s Jazz Band (1927, Columbia 14267). Huddie Ledbetter picked up the song in August 1940 in a two-trophic blues form. The 1943 version of Sister Rosetta Tharpe became part of the National Recording Registry of the Library of Congress . Bunk Johnson & the Yerba Buena Jazzband released another jazz version in April 1944. The traditional jazz version of Chris Barber ’s jazz band is widespread as the B-side of Ice Cream (Chris Barber / trombone, Pat Halcox / cornet, Lonnie Donegan / banjo, Jim Bray / bass, Monty Sunshine / clarinet and Ron Bowden / Drums, Storyville A45000, 1957) and Ken Colyer ’s Skiffle Group (1955).
The first hit parade listings were in 1953 for pop versions of the Four Lads (1953), which climbed to 17th place, and Bing & Gary Crosby , which made it to 28th place. The live recording of the Million Dollar Quartet in the Sun Studios on December 4, 1956 with Elvis Presley , Carl Perkins and Jerry Lee Lewis is famous . Paul Anka included the classic on his EP of the same name (1958); it was followed by Nat King Cole (1958). Billy Lee Riley published a rockabilly version (1959; Sun 313), a chanson was given by Les Compagnions de Chanson (1960; rank 60 US pop).
Lou van Burg and Willy Hagara brought German versions to the market in 1960 with a text by Kurt Hertha entitled Friends for Life , based on the Flemish version Vrienden Voor 't Leven by Will Tura en Broertje Jan from the same year. Hagara's version reached 8th place on the German charts , making it the highest ranking of the composition. Bill Haley secularized the classic Down by the Riverside Twist (LP Twisting Knights at the Round Table , 1962). Allan Sherman parodied him in 1963 on his LP My Son, the Celebrity as Don't Buy the Liverwurst . Elvis Presley immortalized the classic in 1966 on his LP Frankie and Johnnie .
Individual evidence
- ^ Hans-Jürgen Schaal: Jazz standards
- ↑ Holger Terp: Ain't gonna study war no more (pdf; 1.8 MB) , p. 1 ff.
- ^ Marshall W. Taylor, A Collection of Revival Hymns and Plantation Melodies , 1882, pp. 225-253
- ^ Howard W. Odum: Religious Folk-Songs of the Southern Negroes. 1909, p. 66
- ↑ Plantation Melodies: A Collection of Modern, Popular And Old-time Negro-Songs of the Southland. The Rodeheaver Company, 1918
- ↑ See Hollis Dann (Ed.): Fifty-eight spirituals for choral use. CC Birchard & Co., Boston 1924; Utica Jubilee Singers Spirituals: As Sung at the Utica Normal and Industrial Institute of Mississippi / Taken down by J. Rosamond Johnson. With introduction by CW Hyne. Boston: Olivar Ditson Company; Edward Boatner: Spirituals Triumphant, Old and New (= Round Note Edition). National Baptist Convention, Nashville Tennessee 1927. William Arms Fisher: Seventy Negro Spirituals, edited for low voice. Oliver Ditson Company, NY 1926, pp. 60-62. EC Deas: Songs and spirituals of Negro composition. 1928
- ^ Carl Sandburg: The American Songbag. 1927, p. 480
- ^ Leonard Feather: The Book of Jazz. 1957, p. 381
- ↑ Tim Brooks / Brian Rust, The Columbia Master Book Discography , 1999, p. 331
- ^ Gil Marks, Encyclopedia of Jewish Food , John Wiley & Sons, 2010, p. 510