Driesche

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Driesche or Driesch , Triesch , tric and Driesch country , in the north also Dreisch or Dreesch are old names for a grassy temporarily agriculturally unused area, or wasteland , as part of the field grass economy . The term, derived from it, was sometimes also used for grassy, ​​grazed areas in general. The so-called Drieschwirtschaft was an ancient, extensive form of agricultural land use, which was later often replaced by the more productive three-field farming . The names often found their way into field names . The expression appears for the first time (as thriusca ) in a Ghent document from the first half of the 9th century.

In the driesch economy, the land was plowed up for a year or a few years in a row and used for arable farming, with rye , oats or buckwheat , but then remained fallow for several years in a row and was grazed by cattle during this time . During this time, a grass-rich , pasture-like population, often referred to as drift, developed through self- rushing (spontaneous and unplanned immigration) . During the rest period, the land was supposed to recover and build up again nutrient and humus stocks, which could then serve as fertilizer for the new field. At the end of fallow land was to St. John grazed and then plowed three times: in the early summer, late summer and autumn and then sown winter crops. This form of management remained widespread in Westphalia until the 18th, and sometimes even into the 19th century. A variant of the economic system, the coupled economy, was common for centuries, especially in north and north-west Europe, in Germany with a focus on Schleswig-Holstein . Here, too, the fallow land was called Driesch (Dreesch). In the field grass economy of the Alpine countries, called Egart , where the grass was not grazed but used as a meadow , the expression was not common.

The term could also be used as an adjective . The once most populous district of the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania state capital Schwerin, the Große Dreesch , got its name from such an old field name. In the Gramzow office in the state of Brandenburg , the village of Dreesch, a district of Grünow , also bears this name.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Renate Herrmann-Winter: Low German-High German Dictionary . Hinstorff 1999, ISBN 3-356-00375-5
  2. ↑ Werner Rösener: Farmers in the Middle Ages . CH Beck Verlag, 1985, ISBN 978-3-406-30448-4 , p. 130.
  3. ↑ a b William Foerste: The origin of the word Driesch . In: William Foerste (ed.): Low German word. Small contributions to Low German dialect and onomatology , Volume 6, Issue 1/2, 1966, pp. 57–68. Aschendorff Verlag, Münster.
  4. ^ Theodor Freiherr von der Goltz: History of German agriculture. Cottasche publishing house, Stuttgart 1902, p. 231.
  5. ↑ coupled economy . In: Brockhaus' Kleines Konversations-Lexikon . 5th edition. Volume 1, F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1911, p.  1006 .
  6. ↑ Carsten Rasmussen Porskrog: Innovative Feudalism. The development of dairy farming and Koppelwirtschaft on manors in Schleswig-Holstein in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries . In: Agricultural History Review , 58 (2), 2010, pp. 172-190.
  7. ^ Johann Heinrich von Thünen : The isolated state in relation to agriculture and economics . Hamburg 1826, p. 121 digitized in the German Text Archive
  8. ↑ Triesch. In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 22 : Treib – Tz - (XI, 1st section, part 2). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1952 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).