Long-stemmed scented funnel
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Long-stemmed scent funnel ( Clitocybe fragrans ) |
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| ( With .: Fr. ) P. Kumm. |
The long-stemmed scent funnel ( Clitocybe fragrans , syn. Clitocybe suaveolens ) is a type of mushroom from the family of knight relatives . It is a smaller, beige-gray to whitish funnel that has a distinct aniseed odor . The fruiting bodies appear from September to November in mixed coniferous and deciduous forests. The poisonous funnel is also called the white aniseed or dark disc scent funnel .
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 1–5 cm wide, initially arched, but soon spread out flat and then pressed down to beaked and often bent wavy at the edge. The smooth surface is hygrophan and has a greasy sheen when wet. It is then colored beige-gray and the edge of the hat is clearly ribbed. The middle of the hat is usually darker in color than the edge. When dry, the hat is cream-colored to almost white.
The rather crowded lamellae are broadly attached to the stem or run down a little, they are pale beige to cream-colored and have smooth edges. The spore powder is white.
The cylindrical stem is up to 5 cm long, somewhat cartilaginous and more or less colored like the hat. In old age it becomes hollow. The stem base is whitish tomentose and grown together with the substrate. The thin flesh is hygrophan and whitish. It smells clearly of aniseed and tastes mild. Sometimes it has a sweetish component.
Microscopic features
The smooth, hyaline and inamyloid spores are elliptical to oval and 6–9 µm long and 3–5 µm wide.
Species delimitation
There are numerous similar gray-white to gray-brown funnellings with hygrophanic hats that are difficult to distinguish. The edible green aniseed funnel ( Clitocybe odora ) can also look very similar when blown out. He has a stronger habit and an unmarked hat. In addition, it usually smells more intensely of anise.
The long-stemmed aniseed funnel differs from similar light-colored funnels by its aniseed odor. Some authors also separate the scent funnel ( Clitocybe suaveolens ) as an independent species. However, no real differences have been worked out to justify this. The grassy anise funnel ( Clitocybe obsoleta ) growing in the coniferous forest can be recognized by its larger spores.
ecology
The fruiting bodies of the long-stemmed anise funnel appear singly or gregariously from September to November in coniferous, deciduous and mixed deciduous forests. They are often found in grassy forest areas.
distribution
The fungus is found in North America (Canada, USA), Asia (Japan, North Korea, South Korea), New Zealand and Europe. It was also found in North Africa (Morocco).
In Northern, Western and Central Europe it is quite common almost everywhere. In Norway it is distributed up to the 69th, in Sweden up to almost the 67th and in Finland up to the 63rd parallel. In Bulgaria, the fungus occurs predominantly in the mountains, but is absent in the lowlands and on the Black Sea coast. In Germany it is widespread and common from the North and Baltic Sea coasts to the Alps.
meaning
The long-handled anise funnel is poisonous. It wasn't until 1974 that it was discovered that it contains muscarine , which acts on the nervous system. In general, more or less white-capped funnels should not be collected for food, as many of them are poisonous or suspect and the species are difficult to distinguish.
swell
- Paul Kirk: Clitocybe fragrans. In: Species Fungorum. Retrieved December 6, 2013 .
- Clitocybe fragrans. In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed December 6, 2013 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Ewald Gerhardt: Mushrooms. Volume 1: Lamellar mushrooms, pigeons, milklings and other groups with lamellas (= spectrum of nature / BLV intensive guide ). BLV, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1984, ISBN 3-405-12927-3 , p. 60 .
- ^ A b Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 , pp. 56 .
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF]).
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Clitocybe fragrans. Retrieved December 6, 2013 .
- ↑ Zdenko Tkalcec & Mesic Armin: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia. I. Families Pleurotaceae and Tricholomataceae. In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 81, 2002, pp. 113-176 (English, cybertruffle.org.uk ). cybertruffle.org.uk ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ A b Worldwide distribution of Clitocybe fragrans. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on December 11, 2013 ; Retrieved December 6, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Jean-Pierre Prongué, Rudolf Wiederin, Brigitte Wolf: The fungi of the Principality of Liechtenstein . In: Natural history research in the Principality of Liechtenstein . Vol. 21. Vaduz 2004 ( online [PDF]).
- ^ S. Petkovski: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . In: Acta Botanica Croatica . 2009 ( PDF, 1.6 MB ( memento of February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed December 6, 2013]). National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Clitocybe fragrans. Pilzoek database, accessed December 6, 2013 .
- ↑ a b NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Clitocybe fragrans. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved December 6, 2013 .
- ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Clitocybe fragrans. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved December 6, 2013 .
Web links
- Clitocybe fragrans. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on December 6, 2013 (Italian, photos of the long-handled scent funnel).