Funnels
| Funnels | ||||||||||||
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Fog cap ( Clitocybe nebularis ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Clitocybe | ||||||||||||
| ( Fr. ) Perennial |
The funnel-shaped mushrooms ( clitocybe ) are a genus of agaric mushrooms that consists of hundreds of species. The distinction is difficult for non-experts and often requires the analysis of microscopic details. With the exception of a few easily identifiable species, funnel-shaped buds are rarely collected for consumption.
The type species is the fog cap ( Clitocybe nebularis ).
features
Macroscopic features
The funnellings include species with small to very large fruiting bodies. The color spectrum ranges from predominantly white to gray to flesh-red and brownish tones. The hats have a funnel-shaped depressed, but also bifurcated habit. The edge is initially curled. The surface can be dry and smooth, finely felted, finely flaky or frosted. Hygrophan hats show a translucent groove. On the underside there are predominantly weakly to clearly sloping slats that cannot be detached from the hat trama . The leaves are thin, forked and close together. The color palette ranges from white to cream to gray-brownish. The spore powder is white, cream to pink in color. The mostly central and cylindrical stem has a firm to elastic consistency. It is hardly brittle, fleshy and soft, but not gristly. The stalk bark, which is always dry, is bare, fibrous or frosted. The lower end of the stem is often tomentose, includes substrate particles and can end in root-like rhizomorphs . The seldom discolored meat is soft, but not leathery or tough.
ecology
They live saprobically by decomposing soil waste.
Phylogeny and Systematics
On the basis of phylogenetic examinations it was found that the funnels were polyphyletic . As a result, some species that had previously been counted among the funnellings were split off and separated into their own genera. In 2003 the mycologist Harri Harmaja placed 13 taxa in the genus Infundibulicybe . The year before, 3 taxa ended up in the genus Ampulloclitocybe . Further genera with species that were formerly included in Clitocybe are, for example, Clitopaxillus , Leucocybe , Paralepistopis , Bonomyces or Singerocybe .
species
Around 50 species are specified or expected for Europe.
| Clitocybe ( Clitocybe ) in Europe |
The Fallopian Funnel ( Clitocybe diatreta ) is one of the species of its genus with the most colorful fruit bodies.
The green anise funnel ( Clitocybe odora ) is edible, but smells intensely of anise even after cooking.
The smaller scent funnel ( Clitocybe fragrans ) also gives off a distinctive aniseed odor.
The fruiting bodies of the rivulet-frosted funnel ( Clitocybe rivulosa ) like to grow in groups on poor grassland.
The rootlets funnel Ling ( Clitocybe radicellata ) appears in the cold season and has at the lower end of the handle white, root-like Hyphenstränge.
toxicity
Some species of the genus Clitocybe are edible, but many (sometimes very) poisonous. Among other things, they contain the neurotoxin muscarin .
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Paul Kummer: The guide to mushroom science . tape 1 , 1871, p. 1-146 .
- ^ Achim Bollmann, Andreas Gminder, Peter Reil: Accompanying CD with descriptions of mushroom genera . List of figures of large European mushrooms, 4th ov. Aufl. Arbeitsgemeinschaft Pilzkunde Stuttgart (APS). 2007. ISSN 0932-920X .
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Clitocybe . On: fungiworld.com. Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved April 15, 2011.
- ↑ Harri Harmaja: Notes on Clitocybe s. lato (Agaricales) . In: Ann. Bot. Fennici 40 (3). 2003. pp. 213-218. ISSN 0003-3847 . (PDF; 118 kB)
- ↑ Harri Harmaja: Nomenclatural novelties in Ann. Bot. Fennici 40 (3), 2003 . In: Ann. Bot. Fennici 40 (3). 2003. p. 232. ISSN 0003-3847 . (PDF; 45.4 kB)
- ↑ Bettina Haberl, JJ Kleber, Thomas Zilker: Mushroom database: Gifttrichterlinge . Toxicological Department of the II. Medical Clinic of the Technical University of Munich. 2000. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
