Dark earth smoke

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Dark earth smoke
Dark earth smoke (Fumaria schleicheri)

Dark earth smoke ( Fumaria schleicheri )

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Poppy Family (Papaveraceae)
Subfamily : Fumitoy (Fumarioideae)
Genre : Fume ( Fumaria )
Type : Dark earth smoke
Scientific name
Fumaria schleicheri
Soy.-Will.

The dark earth smoke ( Fumaria schleicheri ), also called Schleicher's earth smoke , is a plant species in the subfamily of the earth smoke plants (Fumarioideae) within the poppy family (Papaveraceae). It is widespread from Central Asia to Central and Southern Europe.

description

The dark earth smoke grows as an annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 15 to 30 centimeters. The light green, slightly frosted leaves are bipinnate. The linear or oval-elongated leaf lobes are three to five times as long as they are wide.

The inflorescence is eight to twenty flowers . The about 1 millimeter long bracts are about 1/3 as long as the 3 to 4 mm long, upright fruit stalks. The zygomorphic flowers are about 5 to 6 millimeters long and dark pink in color with a distinct dark purple tip. The sepals are rounded-egg-shaped with a length of up to 1 millimeter. The spherical fruit has a diameter of 1.5 to 2 millimeters and is about half as long as the fruit stalk. The fruit is provided with a short, permanent tip.

The dark earth smoke blooms mainly from June to September.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32.

Occurrence and endangerment

Habit, leaves and inflorescences with flowers and young fruits

Fumaria schleicheri is an East European-West Asian floral element . Its distribution ranges from Central Asia in the east to Central and Southern Europe . It is rare in Central Europe . In Germany , dark earth smoke is rare and mainly found in the central area. It is considered endangered according to the Red List . In Austria and Switzerland , dark earth smoke is rare and endangered.

The dark earth smoke grows in weed communities, on vineyard walls, on paths and on wastelands . It prefers warm, dry and mostly lime-rich clay and stone soils . It grows in Central Europe in companies of the Alliarion and Fumario-Euphorbion associations.

Systematics

Fumaria schleicheri was first published by the French librarian and botanist Hubert Félix Soyer-Willemet (1791–1867). The specific epithet schleicheri honors the Swiss plant collector Johann Christoph Schleicher (1768–1834).

In Europe, two subspecies can be distinguished:

  • Fumaria schleicheri subsp. schleicheri
  • Fumaria schleicheri subsp. microcarpa (house number) Lidén : occurs in southern Russia and Turkey. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32.

The dark earth smoke ( Fumaria schleicheri ) is closely related to the common earth smoke ( Fumaria officinalis ), which is mostly common in Central Europe .

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 3 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae): Droseraceae to Fabaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3314-8 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Fumaria schleicheri at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ↑ Dark earth smoke. In: FloraWeb.de.
  3. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  430 .
  4. ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae europaeae . Volume 9 (Paeoniaceae to Capparaceae). Page 99, Helsinki 1991. ISBN 951-9108-08-4

Web links

Commons : Dunkler Erdrauch ( Fumaria schleicheri )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files