Dark Hornwort

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dark Hornwort
Dark Hornwort (Cerastium pumilum)

Dark Hornwort ( Cerastium pumilum )

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Subfamily : Alsinoideae
Genre : Horn herbs ( Cerastium )
Type : Dark Hornwort
Scientific name
Cerastium pumilum
Curtis

The dark hornwort ( Cerastium pumilum ), also called low hornwort , is a species of the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae).

description

Flowers open, the styles are usually 1.1 to 1.5 mm long.
The lowest stem internode is covered with glandular and glandular hairs.
Cerastium pumilum ( herbarium evidence )

The dark hornwort grows as a one to biennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of about 2 to 20 centimeters. The above-ground parts of the plant are of a cloudy green color. The more or less upright stem is covered with numerous glandular hairs and is mostly reddish at the bottom. The leaves are elongated or ovate to lanceolate, the lowest with a short stalk. There are no stipules .

The flowering period extends from March to May. The lowest pair of bracts is herbaceous and hairy on both sides. The uppermost bracts have narrow skin margins. The flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five free sepals have narrow skin margins. The five petals are white and about three times as long as they are wide. There are almost always five stamens present.

The fruit stalks are more or less upright and are about as long as the calyx. But they can also be bent at the tip with a hook and then two to four times longer than the cup. The elongated, cylindrical capsule fruit pops up with ten teeth.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 72, 90, 94, 96 or 100.

Occurrence

Cerastium pumilum is a sub-Mediterranean-subatlantic floral element , the exact distribution of which is still insufficiently known. It occurs in Europe. The dark hornwort grows in dry and sandy lawns, on embankments, cracks in the earth, on fields and on paths. It prefers warm, dry, more or less nutrient-rich, mostly calcareous, neutral-mild, humus-rich, loose sandy and shallow stone soils , also on loess . It loves warmth. In Central Europe it is a character species of the Cerastietum pumili, but also occurs in other societies of the Sedo-Scleranthetea class or the order Brometalia.

In Austria it is only common in the Pannonian region , otherwise it is very rare, in Switzerland especially in the warmer regions. The dark hornwort occurs in the central part of Germany scattered or rarely, otherwise it is apparently very rarely to be found.

Systematics

The species Cerastium pumilum was previously listed as a collective species and also included the recently separated pale hornwort ( Cerastium glutinosum ).

literature

  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria. Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer . Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants. Founded by August Binz . 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora. With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants. Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Letz DR, Dančák M., Danihelka J. & Šarhanová P., 2012: Taxonomy and distribution of Cerastium pumilum and C. glutinosum in Central Europe. - Preslia 84: 33-69; cf. Corrections as well as taxonomic and floristic supplements and updates to the 3rd edition (2008) of the excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol in Neilreichia 7 ( Memento of the original from April 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked . Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 238 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.flora-austria.at
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 377.
  3. ↑ Karol Marhold, 2011: Caryophyllaceae : Datasheet Cerastium pumilum In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : Dark Hornwort ( Cerastium pumilum )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files