Durian trees
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The durian or Zibetbäume ( Durio ) are a genus in subfamily Helicteroideae within the family of the Malvaceae (Malvaceae). The genus was formerly part of the wool tree family (Bombacoideae), but is not closely related to them within the mallow family.
description
Durio species grow as trees that usually form buttress roots. The alternate leaves are simple. There are flaky and star hairs on the underside of the leaf .
The inflorescences are lateral or sometimes kauliflor . The later mostly two-lipped calyx completely encloses the flower bud. The strongly fragrant flowers are hermaphroditic and radial symmetry . The five sepals are more or less fused. There are usually five, rarely four or six petals , they are usually longer than the sepals and sometimes nailed. beige to white, partly also reddish. There are many stamens present. The stamens are sometimes fused into a tube. Most five (three to six) carpels have become a top permanent ovary grown with two to several ovules per ovary chamber. Capsule fruits are mostly formed. The seeds usually have an aril .
Systematics
The genus consists of more than twenty species that are native to tropical Southeast Asia and tolerate temperatures below 18 ° C only very poorly. Here is a selection of species:
- Durio graveolens Becc. : It occurs in Kalimantan , Sumatra and Malaysia.
- Durio kutejensis (Hassk.) Becc. : Lahia kutejensis Hassk is a synonym . It occurs in Kalimantan and Malaysia.
- Durio oxleyanus handle. : It occurs in Kalimantan , Sumatra and Malaysia.
- Durio wyattsmithii Kosterm. : It occurs in Malaysia.
- Durio zibethinus L. The homeland is Kalimantan and Sumatra . But it is cultivated in numerous countries in tropical Asia.
The following species are currently assigned to other genera:
- Durio grandiflorus (Mast.) Kosterm. & Soegeng : Is now Boschia grandiflora mast.
use
Durian is the name given to the fruits of various species and cultivars of the Durio genus . The durian tree ( Durio zibethinus ), which is a fruit that is highly valued in Southeast Asia, is of particular commercial importance .
Woods obtained from different genera of the Helicteroideae, but above all the genus Durio , are sold under the trade name Durian : Durio griffithii , Durio lowianus , Durio oxleyanus , Durio wyatt-smithii and Durio zibethinus .
Individual evidence
- ^ C. Bayer & Klaus Kubitzki: Malvaceae , pp. 225-311, in Klaus Kubitzki (editor): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants , Volume 5, Malvales, Capparales and non-betalain Caryophyllales , 2003. Durio, p. 262.
- ↑ According to Robert Zander : Zander. Concise dictionary of plant names. Edited by Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold . 17th edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3573-6 there are 27 types.
- ^ List of species at GRIN Taxonomy for Plants. (engl.)
- ^ A b c d e Durio in Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 15, 2017.
- ↑ According to some sources, the first description comes from Johan Andreas Murray (example description by Paull and Ketsa ( memento of the original from September 22, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link accordingly Instructions and then remove this note .; PDF; 112 kB), according to others (see entry at GRIN Taxonomy for Plants and entry at malvaceae.info ) by Carl von Linné (Syst. Veg. Ed. 13: 581. 1774). According to [1] , Chapter 8.1, the first description is correctly assigned to Linnaeus and was only ascribed to Murray for a long time through an error.
- ↑ Data sheet for commercial timbers from DELTA.
