Dyera costulata
| Dyera costulata | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dyera costulata |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Dyera costulata | ||||||||||||
| ( Miq. ) Hook.f. |
Dyera costulata is a tree in the dog venom family from the subfamily Rauvolfioideae. It occurs in Southeast Asia , Borneo , Malaya , Sumatra and in Thailand .
description
Dyera costulata grows as a semi- evergreen tree to over 50–60 meters high. The trunk diameter reaches up to 2-3 meters. No buttress roots are formed, only small root approaches . The red-brown to gray-brown, somewhat rough, relatively smooth bark is finely scaly or fissured. The tree has a milky sap .
The simple, stalked and bare, slightly leathery leaves are arranged in a whorl of 4–8. The bald petiole is 2.5–6 inches long. They are 10-25 (40) centimeters long, with entire margins to weakly notched and rounded to pointed, pointed and obovate, -eilanceolate to elliptical. The leaves are pale green underneath and dark green and glossy on top. The young leaves are reddish. There are small stipules present.
Axillary and multi-flowered cymes are formed. The very small, fragrant and five-fold, stalked flowers are white, greenish-yellow or yellow-pink with a double flower envelope . The egg-shaped sepals with up to 4 colleters are very small. The overgrown crown has a short corolla tube with star-shaped protruding and obverse-eilanzettlichen, long tips. The anthers are almost seated and attached to the top of the corolla tube. The hairy ovary , with very approximate, but free carpels is half upper constant with a very short pen with slightly wider scar head . There is a discus .
There are paired, 20–40 centimeters long and 2.5–4 centimeters wide, many-seeded, woody and ribbed and slightly curved, dark brown follicles . The approximately 20–40, very flat, thin seeds are winged. They are with the fine and white, membranous and semicircular wings 5 centimeters long and 2 centimeters wide, without wings the elliptical seeds are 2.5 centimeters long.
Taxonomy
The first description of Basionyms Alstonia costulata was made in 1861 by Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel in Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv .: 556. The division into the genus Dyera took place in 1883 by Joseph Dalton Hooker in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 293. Other synonyms are Alstonia eximia Miq. , Alstonia grandifolia Miq. , Dyera laxiflora Hook.f.
use
The milky juice (Jelutong, Pontianak, Dead Borneo) with a very high resin content is / was used in many ways. It has been used to make inferior rubbers intended for applications where elasticity is not of paramount importance. Today it is mostly used for chewing gum.
The resinous fruits are used as candles or burned to combat mosquitoes.
The light wood is relatively light and soft and not durable. It works well for carving and other things. It is known as Jelutong .
literature
- The Gardens' bulletin, Singapore. Vol. 55, Part 2, 2003, pp. 209-212, online biodiversitylibrary.org.
- The CABI Encyclopedia of Forest Trees. CABI, 2013, ISBN 978-1-78064-236-9 , pp. 160 f.
- K. Kubitzki , Joachim W. Kadereit , Volker Bittrich: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol.XV : Flowering Plants Eudicots , Springer, 2018, ISBN 978-3-319-93604-8 , pp. 257 f.
- K. Ogata. H. Abe, P. Baas, T. Fujii: Identification of the Timbers of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. Kaiseisha Press, 2008, ISBN 978-4-86099-244-6 , p. 24 ff.
- J. Gérard, D. Guibal, S. Paradis, J.-C. Cerre: Tropical Timber Atlas. Éditions Quæ, 2017, ISBN 978-2-7592-2798-3 , pp. 441 ff, limited preview in Google Book Search.
Web links
- Dyera costulata at Useful Tropical Plants.
- Dyera costulata at The Plant Observatory (pictures).
- Dyera costulata at NUS - National University of Singapore (pictures).
- Dyera costulata near Flora Malesiana.
Individual evidence
- ^ E. Boer, AB Ella: Plants Producing Exudates. Backhuys, 2000, ISBN 978-90-5782-072-4 , pp. 65 f.