EM Sankaran Namboodiripad

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EM Sankaran Namboodiripad

EM Sankaran Namboodiripad ( Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad , often EMS Namboodiripad ; Malayalam ഇ.എം.എസ്‌. നമ്പൂതിരിപ്പാട്‌, [[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration |]] ; * June 13, 1909 in Elamkulam , Kerala ; † March 19, 1998 in Thiruvananthapuram ) was Chief Minister of the Indian state of Kerala from 1957 to 1959 and 1967 to 1969. Namboodiripad was a socialist , chairman of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI (M) and was considered a Marxist thought leader.

Short biography

EMS Namboodiripad was born as the son of Parameswaran Namboodiripad, in Elamkulam, in what was then Tehsil Perinthalmanna , today's Malappuram district in Kerala . His father died when he was a young child. During his early school years he showed a profound interest in Sanskrit and studied the Vedic scriptures , encouraged by his parents. Namboodiripad was a very sensitive child and interested in political and social issues from an early age - at the age of 12 he already followed the all India political conference of the Indian National Congress in Thrissur . Namboodiripad attended Victoria High School and Victoria College at Palakkad and St Thomas College at Thrissur.

Namboodiripad was considered a humble man, in his demeanor and in his being. Almost always has worn a white dhoti with a white kurta , with deep respect for the concerns of his fellow citizens. EMS Namboodiripad was married to Arya Antarjanam; they had two daughters, Malati Damodaran and Radha Guptan, and two sons, EM Sreedharan and EM Sasi.

On the afternoon of March 19, 1998, at the age of 89, EMS Namboodiripad died in the Cosmopolitan Hospital , Thiruvananthapuram , Kerala, of bilateral pneumonia and secondary cardiac failure ( pneumonia and heart failure ): «Master theoretician. Renowned Communist. A revolutionary in percept, but a Gandhian in practice. Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad - or EMS, as he is famous - was all that. "

When news of his death became known, the parliament of Kerala, which at the time had a communist-left-socialist majority, interrupted its debates and ordered a seven-day state mourning . His funeral in Thiruvananthapuram was attended by a large number of officially invited guests, along with the party base and cadre of the CPI (M), with great sympathy from the population.

Political activity

Early political engagement

As a young adult, EMS Namboodiripad was involved with VT Bhattathiripad, MR Bhattathiripad and others in the fight against the caste system deeply rooted in his home country and the prevailing conservatism. Namboodiripad became chargé d'affaires of the Valluvanadu Yogaskhema Sabha movement, a progressive youth organization in Namboothiri. During his college days he was an activist in the Indian National Congress and in the Indian independence movement .

As a young student, EMS was greatly influenced by the speeches, ideas, and writings of Gopal Krishna Gokhale , Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, and Bal Gangadhar Tilak . He was deeply impressed by Gandhi's non-cooperation campaign in the early 1920s, and for his participation he was arrested and sentenced to three years in prison. When Gandhi stopped the actions called Satyagraha for the time being in 1933, Namboodiripad was also released from prison. During his incarceration in the central prison in Kannur , he made the acquaintance of Kamalnath Tiwari ( Lahore conspiracy case ), Sengupta Chakravarty and Acharya ( Anshilan group ) from West Bengal : They inspired him to found a socialist party, which was to implement the ideals of his role models.

CSP and CPI as well as CPI (M)

In 1934, Namboodiripad founded the Congress Socialist Party (CSP), a socialist wing within the Congress Party. From 1934 to 1940 EMS was elected Secretary General of CSP India and in 1937 in Chennai (Madras) to the Legislative Assembly. He remained true to his socialist ideals and his sympathy for the underprivileged working class in India of the British Empire led to support for the communist movement. In 1940 the CSP became the Communist Party of India (CPI) of Kerala. Three years later, the delegates elected Namboodiripad to the Central Committee , of which he was a member of the Politburo until the party split in 1964.

After the outbreak of the Sino-India border war (1962), the CPI split into two camps. While one wing sided with Beijing, the mother party condemned the attack and at the same time took a stand in the Sino - Soviet opposition on Moscow's side. As a result of these conflicts, the pro-Chinese wing separated from the parent party in 1964 and constituted itself as the Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI (M). Namboodiripad supported the CPI (M) course. Before he was appointed Secretary General from 1974 to 1992, he was a member of the Central Committee and the Politburo. Namboodiripad remained a member of the Politburo until his death.

Chief Minister of Kerala

During his political career, EMS Namboodiripad was defeated only once in general elections, when he lost to KP Kuttikrishnan Nair (founder of the Indian trade union movement ), the candidate of the Indian National Congress , in the constituency of Kozhikode (Calicut) by a large margin .

EMS Memorial Co-operative Hospital in Perinthalmanna, Malappuram District

In 1957, Namboodiripad led the CPI in the first general election to the government of the state of Kerala. For the first time, the Congress party lost an election in independent India, and at the same time, for the first time in history, a communist party was able to win free and democratic elections. On April 5, 1957, EMS Namboodiripad was appointed Chief Minister of Kerala.

His government led the country Reforms Ordinance ( land reform ) and the Education Bill a (Education Decree). On July 30, 1959, his government was dismissed by the central government in Delhi with reference to the controversial Article 356 of the Indian Constitution , because the aforementioned reforms to the Liberation Struggle or civil war-like unrest in Kerala are said to have led.

From 1960 to 1964 and again from 1970 to 1971 EMS Namboodiripad was the leading head of the opposition in the Kerala Legislative Assembly , Kerala's parliament.

Regardless of this, he was reappointed Chief Minister of Kerala on March 5, 1967, as the leader of a left-wing seven-party coalition, which also included the Muslim League , and ruled Kerala for two and a half years until October 31, 1969.

His visions of a decentralization of governance and resources ( People's Plan ) and the Kerala Literacy Movement have had a lasting impact on society in Kerala. EMS is considered the father of modern Kerala; he stands for an idiosyncratic mixture of Marxism and spirituality , combines some of Gandhi's ideas with his own revolutionary feelings.

EMS Namboodiripad wrote a large number of books in English and Malayalam until his death , which were published by the Chintha Publication, Kerala in the EMS SANCHIKA series . In addition, EMS was considered a recognized journalist.

Books by EM Sankaran Namboodiripad (selection)

  • Food in Kerala. 1944.
  • The peasant in national economic construction. 1954.
  • Communist party and states reorganization. 1955.
  • Twenty-eight months in Kerala. A retrospect. 1959
  • Critical note on the program draft. 1964.
  • India under Congress rule. 1967.
  • Kerala. Yesterday, today and tomorrow. 1968.
  • The republican constitution in the struggle for socialism ... 1968.
  • Anti-Communist gang-up in Kerala. 1970.
  • Conflicts and crisis. 1974.
  • Crisis into chaos. 1981.
  • The BJP - RSS . 1988.
  • The Communist Party in Kerala: Six decades of struggle and advance. 1994.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e On The NeT: EMS Namboodiripad dead , by D Jose (English)
  2. ↑ a b c Website Frontline: People's Farewell to EMS , by R. Krishnakumar, Issue 15, April 1998 (English)
  3. ^ Election Results - Full Statistical Reports. Indian Election Commission, accessed on May 6, 2017 (English, election results of all Indian elections to the Lok Sabha and the parliaments of the states since independence).
  4. ↑ The Indian Communists by Eric Töpfer on suedasien.info
  5. ↑ Frontline website: People's Plan is different from World Bank program , S. Gopakumar, Issue No. 20, August 2003 (English)
  6. ↑ Financial Express website: People's Plan is back in Kerala - in farmer's garb , issue of August 20, 2007 (English)
  7. ↑ Helmut Selinger: Where the pepper grows and waving red flags: A currently-political travelogue from Kerala .
  8. ↑ EMS Namboodiripad, English-language Wikipedia

literature

Web links

Commons : EMS Namboodiripad  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Namboodiripad, EM Sankaran
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Namboodiripad, Elankulam Manakkal Sankaran (full name); Namboodiripad, EMS
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Indian politician and chief minister of Kerala
DATE OF BIRTH June 13, 1909
PLACE OF BIRTH Elamkulam , Kerala (India)
DATE OF DEATH March 19, 1998
Place of death Thiruvananthapuram , Kerala (India)