EOS (company)

EOS GmbH Electro Optical Systems
legal form	GmbH
founding	1989
Seat	Krailling , Germany
management	Marie Langer ( CEO )
Number of employees	930
sales	-
Branch	mechanical engineering
Website	www.eos.info
As of August 21, 2018

The EOS GmbH ( E lectro- O ptical S ystem ), headquartered in Krailling in Munich is one of the world's leading supplier of equipment, materials and solutions in the field of laser sintering technology , a generative manufacturing method ( " 3D printing "). This process enables the fast, flexible and inexpensive production of components on the basis of 3D CAD data. EOS GmbH has made a significant contribution to the development and dissemination of this technology.

Company history

In 1989 Hans J. Langer, previously European Manager at General Scanning, and Hans Steinbichler founded EOS GmbH in Graefelfing near Munich with the aim of building a stereolithography machine according to the specifications of the client BMW .

Foundation phase

The company's financing phase in which loans and venture capital were provided for the development of the machine lasted until 1990. In that year Steinbichler sold his shares to Langer. The company's first stereolithography system was completed in 1991 and shipped under the product name STEREOS 400. According to Langer, the system far exceeded the specification agreed with BMW, and BMW ordered four more stereolithography machines by 1995. Other well-known companies also acquired stereolithography systems from EOS during this time. B. Bertrandt (three systems), Electrolux (two systems), Daimler and Fiat (one system each). As a result, EOS GmbH was profitable two years after it was founded.

In the following years, EOS developed further stereolithography machines with different installation space volumes and also endeavored to improve the quality of the components by experimenting with different types of lasers that enable higher contour precision in the X / Y plane (helium-cadmium, argon and Solid laser). In the Z direction, the series machines achieved tolerances of 100 µm, with modifications even up to 50 µm. In parallel to the further development of the machines, various materials were also examined with regard to their suitability for stereolithography. Most recently, EOS offered epoxy resins from the manufacturers DuPont and AlliedSignal .

Research and commercialization of laser sintering technology

Financially secured by the well-running stereolithography business and a majority stake in Carl Zeiss AG , EOS began researching selective laser sintering (SLS) around 1991 and worked on the commercialization of this technology. The first SLS system from EOS, the EOSINT P350, was also the second such system worldwide and was first delivered in 1994. The first SLS machine ever was the DTM sintering station 2000 and came onto the market in 1992.

The most obvious difference between stereolithography (SLA) and laser sintering are the materials used: stereolithography works with liquid synthetic resins that are hardened by irradiation with a laser, while laser sintering only uses powdered materials. There is therefore a considerably larger number of materials that are suitable for laser sintering, namely potentially any material that can be processed into a powder and reversibly changes its physical state under the action of heat. In addition, the powder often provides enough hold for the component being created so that support structures such as those required for SLA can be dispensed with. The production of moving parts from one piece - such as a bicycle chain or a ball in a ball - is also possible with SLS. A disadvantage of the SLS is that the components produced with this technology generally have a rougher surface than components produced by SLA, but this can be improved by appropriate finishing (e.g. vibratory grinding ).

From the EOSINT P350 for sintering polyamide powder , a prototype for the sintering of molding sand for the production of casting molds was derived, the EOSINT S350. Quartz and ceramic sand coated with thermosetting plastic was used as the material. During the construction process, this coating is partially melted by the laser and then acts as a putty between the sand particles. After hardening, the plastic no longer deforms, so that the resulting component retains its shape even under renewed exposure to heat.

In 1995 the first serial sand machine, the EOSINT S700, with a construction area more than twice as wide as the prototype S350 was introduced. In order to limit the shift cycle duration of this machine, it was the first system in the world to be equipped with two laser scanner units. The machine's process software divides the construction area, which measures 720 × 380 mm in total, into two square fields of equal size (380 × 380 mm) with an overlap of 40 mm in the middle. Each of the two laser scanner units only exposes one of the two fields. The overlap is necessary so that parts that extend over both fields do not have any weak points at the construction field boundary. The EOSINT S700 was the first system in the world to use this dual head strategy.

The first prototype for sintering metal, the EOSINT M160, was completed in 1994. The first series product in the metal product line was the EOSINT M250 introduced in 1996. In contrast to the laser sintering systems of other manufacturers, which produced metal parts by sintering metal particles coated with binder (similar to the process previously described with molding sand), the M250 worked according to a process patented by Electrolux Rapid Development (ERD) in 1989 and exclusively licensed by EOS Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS). In this process, a metal powder is used that consists of two different metal components (e.g. bronze and nickel) which, when melted, combine to form an alloy with an overall higher density than the original components in the solid state. As a result, the material shrinks to roughly the same extent as it expands due to the heating. No sintering aid or binding agent is used in this process, hence the name Direct Metal Laser Sintering.

From 2002, EOS developed a process for selective laser melting in cooperation with the machine manufacturer Trumpf . Laser melting differs from DMLS in that instead of a multi-component powder, a single-component powder (e.g. stainless steel) is used. On the one hand, this opens up new areas of application, but also restricts the component accuracies that can be achieved and the surface quality compared to DMLS.

Sale of the stereolithography division

Between 1993 and 1994, EOS 'strongest competitor in the stereolithography market, the US company 3D Systems, filed several patent infringement suits against EOS GmbH. The ensuing legal proceedings stretched over several years and put a serious financial burden on both companies, holding them back both in researching the technology and in developing the market. Presumably as a result of these ongoing patent disputes and the associated uncertainties for the future of the company, Zeiss decided in 1997 to exit the rapid prototyping business. Zeiss was therefore looking for a buyer for its EOS shares and was in negotiations with 3D Systems in this regard. In order to prevent the sale to 3D Systems, Langer used his contractually guaranteed right of first refusal and bought back 75.1% of the shares in Zeiss together with a group of investors.

In the same year, Langer negotiated a license agreement with 3D Systems that settled the ongoing legal dispute between the two parties. The agreement stipulated that EOS would receive the worldwide and exclusive rights of use to all 3D Systems patents, but could only use them in the area of ​​laser sintering. In return, EOS sold its stereolithography business to 3D Systems for approximately $ 3.25 million. In addition to the purchase price, EOS received an option to purchase 150,000 shares of 3D Systems at $ 8.00 per share. Until the division was sold, EOS was the only company in the world that built both stereolithography and laser sintering systems.

Patent litigation

In the following years EOS saw its patents, some of which were licensed by 3D Systems and some of its own, infringed by the products of the DTM company. After negotiations on omission and compensation and later on the takeover of DTMs by EOS failed, EOS tried to enforce its claims in court from December 2000.

In August 2001, however, 3D Systems took over the DTM company, so that the lawsuit was now directed against 3D Systems and thus the owner of most of the patents. The merger of the two US companies was approved by the American antitrust authorities, the Department of Justice Antitrust Division (DOJ), only on condition that 3D Systems licensed either its stereolithography or its laser sintering patents acquired through the acquisition of DTM to other competitors.

In February 2004, the two companies settled their disputes and agreed to cross-license their patents. It was also agreed that EOS would pay royalties to 3D Systems for the sale of certain laser sintering systems in the USA.

Systems and solutions for additive manufacturing with metals and polymers

After rapid prototyping, many industrial and medical fields of application for additive manufacturing processes have emerged, which place different demands on the available materials and production processes. EOS then develops industry and customer-specific solutions for additive manufacturing, in particular systems for industrial 3D printing, materials in the polymer and metal sector, and the associated process parameters.

Since 2016, the “Additive Minds” division has also included a consulting service in the portfolio that advises customers on the possible uses of industrial 3D printing for their industry and products.

Examples of process development:

From 2002, EOS developed a process for selective laser melting in cooperation with the machine manufacturer Trumpf. Laser melting differs from DMLS in that instead of a multi-component powder, a single-component powder (e.g. stainless steel) is used. On the one hand, this opens up new areas of application, but also restricts the component accuracies that can be achieved and the surface quality compared to DMLS.

In 2006, EOS introduced the world's first plastic powder (PA 2210 FR) with flame protection for laser sintering.

Starting in 2006, EOS and the Chemnitz-based company 3D-Micromac AG have been developing a technology called microlaser sintering that enables component precision in the lower micrometer range. With this technology, the layer thicknesses are between 1 µm and 5 µm, the laser focus is 30 µm. The installation space of existing micro laser sintering systems is 57 mm in diameter (round) and 30 mm high. The applications for such high-precision but small metal components are in medical technology, the chemical and pharmaceutical industries and in microsystem technology.

Sales and personnel development

year	Sales (€ million)	employees worldwide	Swell)
1995		80
2002	40	130
2003	38	157
2004	44	172
2005	48	187
2006	52	207
2007	60	250
2008	70	280
2009	60	300
2010	64	330
2011	about 91 ( $ 124 million )	about 400
2012	108	about 500
2013	130	about 570
2014	170	about 600
2015	260	about 750
2016	317	930
2017	345	1000

In 1990 the company moved from Graefelfing to the neighboring town of Planegg and in 2002 to the current headquarters in Krailling. In November 2012 the construction of a technology and customer center began in Krailling.

For the company's 25th anniversary, the new technology and customer center in Krailling was inaugurated in 2014 and offers space for around 300 employees. The technical area with the "Glass Factory" is equipped with conference and training rooms, workshop rooms and laboratories. 

In 2017, the company opened a production facility on a former printing site in Gernlinden , a district of the Upper Bavarian municipality of Maisach . The 9,000 square meter area serves as a production facility for up to 1,000 industrial 3D printing systems per year.

In 2018, an Innovation Center for consulting and training courses will be inaugurated in Düsseldorf.

Owner structure

According to the Munich District Court, according to the list of buyers dated October 14, 2013, the only shareholder in EOS GmbH is EOS Holding AG. According to data from Creditreform, the shareholders of the company are Life Interest Beteiligungs GmbH with 52.96%, LHUM Vermögensverwaltungs GmbH with 38.08% and Hella Langer with 8.96%. Both companies are asset companies and are 100% owned by members of the Langer family.

Systems

The most important EOS systems are listed below. The list does not claim to be complete.

EOS FORMIGA P 110

model	technology	Material class	Launch	still available?	Special features / innovations
FORMIGA P 110 Velocis	SLS	Polymers	2018	Yes	Build volume: 200 mm × 250 mm × 330 mm CO₂ laser, 30 W Precise laser with a small focus diameter for wall thicknesses of less than 0.5 millimeters Currently 9 available plastic materials and 10 material / layer thickness combinations
EOS P 810	SLS	Polymers	2018	Yes	Build volume: 700 mm × 380 mm × 380 mm CO₂ laser, 2 × 70 W High-temperature system for the series production of sophisticated plastic composite parts for the aviation, electronics and mobility industries Optimized for processing HT-23 material
EOS P 500	SLS	Polymers	2017	Yes	Build volume: 500 mm × 330 mm × 400 mm CO₂ laser, 2 × 70 W Operating temperatures up to 300 ° C Automated manufacturing platform for laser sintering Optical and thermal monitoring enable process monitoring that meets the requirements of the aerospace and automotive industries
EOS P 770	SLS	Polymers	2016	Yes	Build volume: 700 mm × 380 mm × 580 mm CO₂ laser, 2 × 70 W Production volume of over 150 l Ten available plastic materials and 18 material / layer thickness combinations Optimal cooling conditions through the integrated CoolDown Station produce the highest component quality
EOS M 400-4	DMLS	Metals	2016	Yes	Build volume: 400 mm × 400 mm × 400 mm Yb fiber laser; 4 × 400 W Four lasers for more productivity High build rate of up to 100 cm³ per hour Wide range of materials: from light alloys to stainless and tool steels to superalloys Meets all requirements for use in industrial production environments
EOS M 100	DMLS	Metals	2015	Yes	Build volume: Ø 100 mm × 95 mm (round building field) Yb fiber laser, 200 W Cartridge system for quick material changes Entry-level model in additive manufacturing with metals High detail resolution for complex, filigree components Fast and economical production even of small quantities
EOS M 400	DMLS	Metals	2014	Yes	Build volume: 400 mm × 400 mm × 400 mm Yb fiber laser, 1 kW Modular platform: set-up and unpacking stations are optional Camera monitoring of the construction site Coating alternately from left / right; thereby reduced construction time
EOS M 080	DMLS	Metals	2014	Yes	Build volume: Ø 80 mm × 95 mm (round building field) Yb fiber laser, 100 W Cartridge system for quick material changes
EOS M 290	DMLS	Metals	2014	Yes	Installation space dimensions: 250 mm × 250 mm × 325 mm Yb fiber laser, 400 W Comprehensive monitoring Intuitive software Fewer filter changes and a long service life thanks to the circulating air filter system with automatic self-cleaning function
EOS P 396	SLS	Polymers	2013	Yes	Installation space dimensions: 340 mm × 340 mm × 600 mm typical construction contract uses around 38% less electricity and is 32% faster than the previous model Medium volume range for the toolless production of series components, spare parts, functional prototypes lower cost per construction job
FORMIGA P 110	SLS	Polymers	2012	Yes	Installation space dimensions: 200 mm × 250 mm × 330 mm 4-channel heating Point pyrometer external nitrogen connection improved process stability & reproducibility
EOSINT M 280	DMLS	Metals	2010	Yes	Fiber laser, 200 W or 400 W (option) Laser power monitoring optimized gas management Can switch between two different protective gas atmospheres (argon & nitrogen)
EOSINT P 760	SLS	Polymers	2009	Yes	Double head system (two lasers that expose simultaneously) CO 2 laser, 2 × 50 W Installation space dimensions: 700 mm × 380 mm × 580 mm Surface module for improved surface quality Online laser power monitoring (monitoring of laser power) Flash recoating (faster layer application)
EOSINT P 395	SLS	Polymers	2009	No	Installation space dimensions: 340 mm × 340 mm × 620 mm Surface module for improved surface quality improved coating unit
EOSINT P 800	SLS	Polymers	2007	Yes	Double head system (two lasers that expose simultaneously) CO 2 laser, 2 × 50 W Installation space dimensions: 700 mm × 380 mm × 560 mm High temperature machine for processing polymers at up to 385 ° C Online laser power monitoring (monitoring of laser power)
FORMIGA P 100	SLS	Polymers	2006	No	CO 2 laser, 30 W Installation space dimensions: 200 mm × 250 mm × 330 mm The cheapest model, but only slightly slower than the P390 Can build filigree components with a wall thickness of up to 0.4 mm Fits through a normal door (1067 mm wide) - this means it can be set up in normal rooms.
EOSINT P 730	SLS	Polymers	2006	No	Double head system (two lasers that expose simultaneously) CO 2 laser, 2 × 50 W Installation space dimensions: 700 mm × 380 mm × 580 mm faster build times
EOSINT P 390	SLS	Polymers	2006	No	CO 2 laser, 50 W Installation space dimensions: 340 mm × 340 mm × 620 mm faster build times
EOSINT M 270 Dual	DMLS	Metals	?	No	Can switch between two different protective gas atmospheres (argon & nitrogen) Laser power monitoring
EOSINT M 270	DMLS	Metals	2004	No	250 mm × 250 mm × 215 mm Fiber laser First commercial DMLS system with a fiber laser
EOSINT P 385	SLS	Polymers	2004	No	higher precision in the Z-axis
EOSINT P 380i	SLS	Polymers	2004	No	Installation space dimensions: 350 mm × 350 mm × 625 mm new electrical and machine safety concepts revised design
EOSINT S 750	SLS	Sands	2003	No	CO 2 laser, 2 × 100 W Installation space dimensions: 720 mm × 380 mm × 380 mm
EOSINT P 380	SLS	Polymers	2001	No	Installation space dimensions: 350 mm × 350 mm × 625 mm faster build times
EOSINT P 700	SLS	Polymers	2000	No	Double head system (two lasers that expose simultaneously) CO 2 laser, 2 × 50 W
EOSINT P 360	SLS	Polymers	1999	No
EOSINT M 250 X tended	DMLS	Metals	1998	No	CO 2 laser
STEREOS 400 MAX	SLA	Epoxy resins	1996	No
STEREOS 600 MAX	SLA	Epoxy resins	1995	No	Swap container (swap tray for quick material changes) Replaceable wiper blade Innovative coating process: Normally, the component is covered with liquid resin by lowering the construction platform by more than one layer thickness and then retracted so that it is only one layer thickness below the surface. The wiper then pulls away any excess resin and makes the surface even. In contrast to this process, the STEREOS MAX 600 only lowered one layer directly and applied the resin to the component via nozzles in the wiper, which resulted in faster layer cycles.
EOSINT S700	SLS	Sands	1995	No	CO 2 laser, 2 × 50 W Installation space dimensions: 720 mm × 380 mm × 400 mm First double head machine in the world The world's first laser sintering system for the production of casting molds / cores from foundry sand in the so-called "Direct Croning Process" (DCP)
EOSINT S350	SLS	Sands	1995	No	Developed on the basis of the P350 for processing foundry sands Only a prototype made (afterwards S700)
EOSINT M250	DMLS	Metals	1995	No	CO 2 laser, 100 W
EOSINT M160	DMLS	Metals	1994	No
EOSINT P350	SLS	Polymers	1994	No	CO 2 laser Installation space dimensions: 340 mm × 340 mm × 590 mm The world's second laser sintering system for the production of plastic prototypes First such system from a European company
STEREOS 600	SLA	Epoxy resins	1992	No	Solid state laser 600 mm tub
STEREOS 400	SLA	Epoxy resins	1991	No	Argon laser 400 mm tub
STEREOS 250	SLA	Epoxy resins	?	No	Helium-cadmium laser 250 mm tub

Prizes / awards

• 2018
  • Bavaria's Best 50
• 2017
  • Hans J. Langer is inducted into the "TCT Hall of Fame" for 3D printing
  • Consulting division "Additive Minds" receives award "Best of Consulting Mittelstand" and special prize for innovation
• 2016
  • Business award from the district of Starnberg
  • Hans J. Langer receives SME Additive Manufacturing Industry Achievement Award
• 2015
  • Game Changer Award from Manager Magazin Bain & Company, category "Challengers"
• 2013
  • Innovator of the year
• 2011
  • Bavaria's Best 50

• 2010
  • Bavaria's Best 50

Individual evidence

1. ↑ About EOS: Management . EOS GmbH. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
2. ↑ ^{a b} EOS Holding Aktiengesellschaft - Consolidated Financial Statements for the financial year from October 1, 2015 to September 30, 2016. October 19, 2017, accessed on December 23, 2017 .  
3. ↑ EOS Laser-Sintering Emerging as a Technology of Choice . MoldMaking Technology. December 9, 2010. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
4. ↑ ^{a b c} EOS reaches an agreement with 3D Systems . Konradin Verlag R. Kohlhammer GmbH. Archived from the original on June 10, 2015. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 7, 2012.  
5. ↑ Niels Boeing: One for All . TIME ONLINE. November 13, 2006. Retrieved June 7, 2012.
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Laser sintering: application-optimized to success (PDF; 352 kB) In: CAD CAM 6/2002 . Carl Hanser Publishing House. June 2002. Retrieved June 7, 2012.
7. ↑ ^{a b The} community accommodates the Eos company’s wishes for expansion . merkur-online. October 27, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2012.
8. ^ ^{A b} John Newman: 3D Printing Company Profile: EOS . Desktop engineering. April 4, 2012. Archived from the original on August 22, 2012. Retrieved on August 22, 2012.
9. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} L. Weiss: Company profile: EOS GmbH ( English ) World Technology Evaluation Center, Inc. (WTEC). September 1996. Retrieved June 7, 2012.
10. ^ ^{A b c d e f g h i} Andreas Gebhardt: Generative manufacturing processes - Rapid Prototyping- Rapid Tooling- Rapid Manufacturing , Carl Hanser Verlag, 3rd edition. 2007, ISBN 978-3-446-22666-1 , pp. 136ff, (516 pages)
11. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} About EOS: History . EOS GmbH. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
12. ↑ ^{a b} Terry Wohlers: History of additives Fabrication (Part 1) . AMT - The Association For Manufacturing Technology. March 1, 2008. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
13. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Terry Wohlers, Tim Gornet: History of Additive Fabrication (Part 2) . AMT - The Association For Manufacturing Technology. May 1, 2008. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
14. ↑ ^{a b c} M. Shellabear, O. Nyrhilä: DMLS - Development History and State of the Art ( English , PDF; 675 kB) LANE 2004 conference, Erlangen, Germany. September 21, 2004. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
15. ↑ Leif Brand, Tim Hülser, Vera Grimm, Axel Purpose: Internet of Things (PDF; 876 kB) Future Technologies Consulting of VDI Technologiezentrum GmbH. Pp. 84 ff. March 2009. Accessed June 7, 2012.
16. ↑ Laser sintering cuts mold production time . Findlay Media Limited. October 1997. Archived from the original on August 7, 2013. Retrieved on August 7, 2013.
17. ↑ ^{a b} David Wimpenny: Overview of RP methods and their use in metal casting . November 8, 2007. Retrieved August 23, 2012.
18. ↑ Laser melting of metals - "Great potential for e-Manufacturing" . SCOPE online. July 1, 2003. Archived from the original on August 7, 2013. Retrieved on August 7, 2013.
19. ↑ TRUMPF and EOS sign license agreement for direct metal laser melting . Industrie-forum.net (Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG). October 5, 2002. Archived from the original on August 7, 2013. Retrieved on August 7, 2013.
20. ↑ ^{a b c} Peter Gaide, Marc-Stefan Andres: Building with heat and light . TIME ONLINE. September 23, 2008. Archived from the original on June 7, 2012. Retrieved on June 7, 2012.
21. ↑ Revised markman hearing claim interpretation and order and revised order denying plaintiff's motion for summary judgment of infringement and denying defendants' motion for summary judgment of non-infringement (PDF; 331 kB) United States District Court, CD California .. January 12, 2004 Archived from the original on August 7, 2013. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
22. ↑ 3D Systems Acquires Rapid Prototyping Business from EOS GmbH of Germany . PR Newswire Association LLC. August 27, 1997. Archived from the original on August 22, 2012. Retrieved on August 22, 2012.
23. ↑ ^{a b} 3D Systems Announces Ruling in EOS vs. DTM / 3D Systems Patent Lawsuit . BUSINESS WIRE. August 21, 2003. Retrieved August 23, 2012.
24. ^ ^{A b} Court Rules that 3D Systems Infringes EOS Patent Rights . PR Newswire Association LLC. August 25, 2003. Archived from the original on June 10, 2015. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 23, 2012. 
25. ↑ 3D Systems, German company settle patent late . American City Business Journals. February 5, 2004. Archived from the original on August 7, 2013. Retrieved on August 7, 2013.
26. ↑ EOS and 3D Systems settle patent late . Centaur Media PLC. February 5, 2004. Retrieved August 23, 2012.
27. ↑ Terry Wohlers: What the 3D Systems / EOS Settlement Means to the Industry . Wohlers Associates. August 1, 2004. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
28. ^ EOS Extends Patent Infringement Lawsuit Against DTM Corporation in the USA . PR Newswire Association LLC. February 25, 2001. Archived from the original on August 22, 2012. Retrieved on August 22, 2012.
29. ↑ UT embroiled in patent dispute . American City Business Journals. May 4, 2003. Archived from the original on August 7, 2013. Retrieved on August 7, 2013.
30. ↑ New service portfolio “Additive Minds” from EOS. Retrieved January 30, 2017 . 
31. ↑ ^{a b} WirtschaftsJournal, No. 02/2012: Innovative Solutions (PDF; 8.4 MB) PR Newswire Association LLC. P. 33. February 2012. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 23, 2012.  
32. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Wolfram M. Völker: Optical technologies in production engineering Additive manufacturing processes . EOS GmbH. March 21, 2012. Archived from the original on August 18, 2013. Retrieved on August 18, 2013.
33. ↑ EOS e-Manufacturing News . EOS GmbH. 2012-14-11. Archived from the original on November 24, 2015. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 24, 2015.  
34. ↑ Establish additive manufacturing as an efficient manufacturing method in industrial production . EOS GmbH. March 12, 2013. Accessed November 24, 2015.
35. ↑ EOS at EUROMOLD 2014: 25th company anniversary and still on course for success and growth . EOS GmbH. 2014-25-11. Archived from the original on November 24, 2015. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 24, 2015.  
36. ↑ EOS, technology and quality leader in the field of additive manufacturing, continues on course for success and growth . EOS GmbH. 2014-16-11. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
37. ↑ Barbara Schulz: Formnext 2017: Industrial 3D Printing Evolves. Retrieved August 21, 2018 . 
38. ↑ Bell for EOS on the occasion of the move . ACTech GmbH. November 12, 2002. Archived from the original on August 7, 2013. Retrieved on August 7, 2013.
39. ↑ EOS GmbH is building a new technology and customer center in the Kraillinger Innovations Meile (KIM) . EOS GmbH. February 21, 2013. Archived from the original on August 18, 2013. Retrieved on August 7, 2013.
40. ↑ 3D printers will soon be produced in the former printing shop . In: https://www.merkur.de/ . December 14, 2016 ( merkur.de [accessed on August 21, 2018]).
41. ↑ EOS: Manufacturing of 3D printers moves to Maisach | Plastic web. Retrieved August 21, 2018 . 
42. ↑ In Düsseldorf: EOS opens Innovation Center for 3D printing. Retrieved August 21, 2018 . 
43. ↑ Formiga 110 - your entry point to industrial 3D printing. Retrieved January 30, 2017 . 
44. ↑ EOS GmbH: System data sheet FORMIGA P 110 Velocis "Now even more productive: The established entry-level system for industrial 3D printing of polymer components in excellent quality". (PDF) Retrieved September 10, 2018 . 
45. ↑ EOS GmbH: System data sheet EOS P 810 "High-temperature system for laser-sintering enables series production of sophisticated plastic composite parts for the aviation, electronics and mobility industries for the first time". (PDF) Retrieved September 10, 2018 . 
46. ↑ EOS GmbH: System data sheet EOS P 500 "The automatable production platform for laser-sintering plastic parts on an industrial scale". (PDF) Retrieved September 10, 2018 . 
47. ↑ EOS P 770 - industrial 3D printing for plastic parts. Retrieved February 5, 2018 . 
48. ↑ EOS M 400-4: 3D printing of metal parts on an industrial scale. Retrieved February 5, 2018 . 
49. ↑ Metal System for Additive Manufacturing EOS M 100 (PDF; 200 kB) EOS GmbH. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
50. ↑ System data sheet EOS M 400 (PDF; 1.1 MB) EOS GmbH. October 2015. Archived from the original on August 24, 2016. Retrieved on August 24, 2016.
51. ↑ System data sheet PRECIOUS M 080 . EOS GmbH. Archived from the original on August 24, 2016. Retrieved on August 24, 2016.
52. ↑ Metal Laser-Sinter-System EOS M 290 (PDF; 1.3 MB) EOS GmbH. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
53. ↑ Plastic laser sintering system EOSINT P 396 (PDF; 900 kB) EOS GmbH. Retrieved November 14, 2015.
54. ↑ Plastic laser sintering system FORMIGA P 110 (PDF; 1.1 MB) EOS GmbH. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
55. ↑ ^{a b} Joseph Weilhammer: EOSINT M (PDF; 1.8 MB) EOS GmbH. April 2011. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
56. ↑ Laser-Sinter-System EOSINT M 280 (PDF; 1.3 MB) EOS GmbH. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
57. ↑ Plastic laser sintering system EOSINT P 760 (PDF; 1.4 MB) EOS GmbH. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
58. ↑ Plastic laser sintering system EOSINT P 395 (PDF; 856 kB) EOS GmbH. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
59. ↑ Plastic laser sintering system EOSINT P 800 (PDF; 1.8 MB) EOS GmbH. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
60. ↑ Sand laser sintering system EOSINT S 750 (PDF; 1.8 MB) EOS GmbH. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
61. ↑ EOS GmbH: EOS among Bavaria's Best 50 companies for the third time. Retrieved September 10, 2018 . 
62. ↑ BAYERNS BEST 50th Bavarian State Ministry for Economic Affairs, Energy and Technology, accessed on September 10, 2018 . 
63. ↑ TCT Hall of Fame | Dr. Hans Langer | Founder of EOS | Serial entrepreneur . In: TCT Magazine . December 1, 2017 ( tctmagazine.com [accessed February 5, 2018]).
64. ↑ EOS founder Dr. Hans J. Langer inducted into the "TCT Hall of Fame" for 3D printing. Retrieved February 5, 2018 . 
65. ↑ Best of Consulting | Winner 2017. Accessed February 5, 2018 (German). 
66. ↑ Additive Minds receives the “Best of Consulting” award. Retrieved February 5, 2018 . 
67. ↑ 201612-Innovative and responsible - EOS wins the business award 2016 | Society for the promotion of economic and employment development in the district of Starnberg mbH. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 5, 2018 ; accessed on February 5, 2018 (German). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
68. ^ SME - Industry Achievement Award Winners. Retrieved February 5, 2018 . 
69. ↑ EOS founder Dr. Hans J. Langer receives the "SME Additive Manufacturing Industry Achievement Award". Retrieved February 5, 2018 . 
70. ↑ Just briefly print the world . EOS GmbH. 2015-22-11. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
71. ↑ Prizes / Awards 2013 - ZIM. Retrieved February 5, 2018 . 
72. ↑ Vogel Business Media GmbH & Co. KG: EOS is one of the “Bavaria's Best 50” award winners for the second time . ( vogel.de [accessed on February 5, 2018]).