Ferocactus hamatacanthus
| Ferocactus hamatacanthus | ||||||||||||
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Ferocactus hamatacanthus subsp. sinuatus |
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| Ferocactus hamatacanthus | ||||||||||||
| ( Muehlenpf. ) Britton & Rose |
Ferocactus hamatacanthus is a plant from the genus of Ferocacti in the family of cactus (Cactaceae). Thespecific epithet hamatacanthus means 'with hooked spines' or 'hooked spines'. Common names are “Mexican Fruit Cactus”, “Texas Barrel Cactus”, “Turk's Head Barrel Cactus”, “Turk's Head Cactus”, “Viznaga” and “Viznaga Barrel Cactus”.
description
Ferocactus hamatacanthus has a simple, spherical to egg-shaped bluish-green body that reaches a height of 60 centimeters. The parting is sunk a little, with yellowish wool felt and surmounted by thorns . The 13 to 17 straight or slightly crooked ribs are up to 5 centimeters high and with sharp longitudinal furrows almost broken up into humps. The areoles, which are initially circular, with a short, narrow extension beyond the bundle of spines, are 6 to 7 millimeters in diameter. They are later enlarged, elliptical, up to 12 millimeters long, with a yellow-white, later graying wool felt, from which the short, conical, 2 to 4 millimeters long extended extra-floral nectaries emerge. The areoles are one to three centimeters apart. The 8 to 12 radial spines are more or less upright. They are 7 centimeters long, flattened or the smaller ones are round, the lowest of them is also the shortest, often only 1 centimeter long. The slightly curved or bent 4 central spines are usually upright, are very pointed and piercing. They are edged, bent like a hinge, straight forward or directed upwards and reach (the lowest) a length of up to 16.5 centimeters. The thorns in the new shoot are often very beautiful ruby red, often also spotted at the base. Later they are horn colored and finally graying.
The flowers arise in the areoles behind the nectaries and are funnel-shaped and canary-yellow with a length of 5 to 7 centimeters and a diameter of 7 to 9.5 centimeters. The fruits only ripen after 4 to 6 months. They are ellipsoidal, elongated, scaled, thin-skinned and, with a size of 3 to 5 centimeters in length and 2.5 to 3 centimeters in width, count among the edible. The green to grayish, brown to dark brown berries are very sour and taste and smell like grapes. The seeds are egg-shaped to spherical, about 1.5 millimeters long with an oval hilum truncated at an angle at the base and black, shiny, finely dotted testa .
Distribution, systematics and endangerment
Ferocactus hamatacanthus is native to the US state of Texas near El Paso , as well as the Mexican states of Chihuahua , Coahuila , Durango , Nuevo León , San Luis Potosi up to altitudes of 2000 meters.
The first description as Echinocactus hamatacanthus was published in 1846 by Friedrich Mühlenpfordt . Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose placed them in the genus Ferocactus in 1922 . There are a lot of invalid double descriptions and recombinations and a multitude of synonyms .
There are two subspecies:
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Ferocactus hamatacanthus subsp. hamatacanthus
columnar plants up to 60 cm high and 30 cm in diameter -
Ferocactus hamatacanthus subsp. sinuatus (A.Dietr.) NPTaylor
spherical plants up to 30 cm high
A synonym for the subspecies Ferocactus hamatacanthus subsp. hamatacanthus is Echinocactus longihamatus Galeotti ex Pfeiff. (1848).
In the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN , the species is listed as " Least Concern (LC) ". H. listed as not endangered.
proof
literature
- Edward F. Anderson : The Cactus Family . Timber Press, Portland (Oregon) 2001, ISBN 0-88192-498-9 , pp. 331 .
- NL Britton , JN Rose : The Cactaceae. Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family . tape III . The Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington 1922, p. 144 ( online ).
- Urs Eggli, Nigel P. Taylor: List of Cactaceae names from Repertorium plantarum succulentarum (1950–1990) . Royal Botanic Gardens, 1991, p. 69-70 .
- Karl Schumann : Complete description of the cacti (Monographia cactacearum) . J. Neumann, Neudamm 1899, p. 341 f . ( online ).
- BJ Nicol: Life as a Cactus . Xulonpress.com, 2007, ISBN 978-1-60266-265-0 , pp. 162 .
- Douglas B. Evans: Cactuses of Big Bend National Park . University of Texas Press, 1998, ISBN 0-292-72099-8 , pp. 42 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ F. Mühlenpfordt: New Cacteen In: Allgemeine Gartenzeitung . Volume 14, 1846, p. 371, (online) .
- ↑ Ferocactus hamatacanthus in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013.2. Posted by: Corral-Díaz, R., Goettsch, BK, Gómez-Hinostrosa, C., Heil, K. & Terry, M., 2009. Accessed December 19, 2013.
