Echinopsis maximiliana
| Echinopsis maximiliana | ||||||||||||
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Echinopsis maximiliana |
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| Heyder ex A.Dietr. |
Echinopsis maximiliana is a species of the genus Echinopsis in the cactus family(Cactaceae). The specific epithet maximiliana honors a friend of Edward Heyder who died too earlywith the name Maximilian.
description
Echinopsis maximiliana usually forms small cushions. The spherical to short cylindrical, green shoots reach a diameter of 5 centimeters and a height of up to 20 centimeters. There are twelve to twenty straight ribs that are notched and tuberous. The areoles on them are whitish and are up to 2 centimeters apart. The four to twelve thorns arising from them , which can rarely be missing, are very variable. As a rule, they cannot be divided into central and radial spines. The uneven, curved spines are brownish to yellowish and 3 to 5 centimeters long.
The short to long tube-funnel-shaped flowers appear laterally on the upper parts of the shoot. They are red with an orange-yellow throat, or sometimes yellow or pink to purple in color. The flowers are 4 to 10 centimeters long and have the same diameter. The reddish green fruits are hairy and reach a diameter of up to 1.2 centimeters.
Distribution, systematics and endangerment
Echinopsis maximiliana is distributed in the Peruvian regions of Apurímac , Cusco and Puno as well as in the Bolivian departments of La Paz and Cochabamba in the basin of Lake Titicaca at altitudes of 3000 to 4800 meters.
The first description by Albert Gottfried Dietrich was published in 1846.
Nomenclatory synonyms are Lobivia pentlandii var. Maximiliana (Heyder ex A.Dietr.) Backeb. (1951) and Lobivia maximiliana (Heyder ex A.Dietr.) Rausch (1975).
In addition, the following taxa were included as a synonym in the species: Echinopsis pentlandii var. Coccinea Salm-Dyck (1850), Lobivia pentlandii var. Coccinea (Salm-Dyck) Y.Itô (1957, nom. Illeg. ICBN -Article 52.1), Lobivia cariquinensis Cárdenas (1959), Lobivia maximiliana f. cariquinensis (Cárdenas) Ullmann (1992), Lobivia pseudocariquinensis Cárdenas (1961), Lobivia maximiliana f. pseudocariquinensis (Cárdenas) Ullmann (1992), Lobivia hermanniana var. breviflorior Backeb. (1966, nom. Inval. ICBN -Article 37.1), Lobivia cruciaureispina Kníže (1969), Lobivia sicuaniensis noise (1971), Lobivia maximiliana var. Sicuaniensis (noise) to noise (1987), Lobivia caespitosa var. Altiplani F.Ritter (1980 ), Lobivia caespitosa var. rinconadensis F.Ritter (1980), Lobivia leucantha Kníže (1987, nom. inval. ICBN -Article 36.1, 37.1) and Lobivia multicostata Kníže (1987, nom. inval. ICBN -Article 36.1, 37.1).
Subspecies
The following subspecies are distinguished:
- Echinopsis maximiliana subsp. maximiliana
- Echinopsis maximiliana subsp. caespitosa (JAPurpus) M. Lowry
- Echinopsis maximiliana subsp. westii (Hutchison) M. Lowry
Echinopsis maximiliana subsp. maximiliana
The subspecies is distributed in the Bolivian department of La Paz at high altitudes of up to 4500 meters around Lake Titicaca. The tube is up to 3 centimeters long and short and thick.
The following taxa were included as a synonym in the subspecies: Mammillaria corbula Herrera (1919), Lobivia corbula (Herrera) Britton & Rose (1922), Lobivia pentlandii var. Corbula (Herrera) Krainz (1967), Lobivia maximiliana var. Corbula (Herrera) noise (1975), Lobivia charazanensis Cardenas (1957), Lobivia maxirinliana var. charazanensis (Cardenas) noise (1975), Lobivia leptacantha noise (1972), Lobivia maximiliana var. leptacantha (noise) to noise (1975) and Lobivia shoot liana var. leptacantha (Rausch) Rausch (1987).
Echinopsis maximiliana subsp. caespitosa
The first description as Echinopsis caespitosa by Joseph Anton Purpus was published in 1917. Martin Lowry introduced the species in 2003 as a subspecies to Echinopsis maximiliana . Echinopsis maximiliana subsp. caespitosa is common in the Bolivian departments of La Paz and Cochabamba. The elongated flower tube is up to 10 centimeters long and almost bare.
Were synonymous in the subspecies included Lobivia caespitosa (JAPurpus) Britton & Rose (1922), Lobivia maximiliana var. Caespitosa (JAPurpus) Noise (1975), Lobivia maximiliana subsp. caespitosa (JAPurpus) Rausch ex GDRoWley (1982), Lobivia hermanniana Backeb. (1936), Lobivia maximiliana var. Hermanniana (Backeb.) To noise (1975), Lobivia miniatiflora F.Ritter (1963), Lohivia maximiliana var. Miniatiflora (F.Ritter) Noise (1975), Lobivia caespitosa var. Violacea noise (1979 ), Lobivia maximiliana var. Violacea (Rausch) GDRowley (1982) and Lobivia maximiliana var. Durispina Rausch (1987).
Echinopsis maximiliana subsp. westii
The first description as Lobivia westii by Paul Clifford Hutchison was published in 1954. Martin Lowry introduced the species in 2003 as a subspecies to Echinopsis maximiliana . Echinopsis maximiliana subsp. westii is common in the Peruvian region of Apurímac. The somewhat elongated flower tube is 4 to 4.5 inches long and hairy.
As a synonym included in the subspecies Lobivia maximiliana var. Westii (Hutchison) Rausch (1975), Lobivia maximiliana subsp. westii (Hutchison) Rausch ex GDRowley (1982), Lobivia intermedia Rausch (1972), Lobivia maximiliana var. intermedia (Rausch) Rausch (1975) and Lobivia westii var. intermedia (Rausch) F. Ritter (1981).
In the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN , the species is listed as " Least Concern (LC) ". H. listed as not endangered.
proof
literature
- Edward F. Anderson : The Great Cactus Lexicon . Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8001-4573-1 , p. 236-237 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-05597-3 , p. 149.
- ↑ Albert Dietrich: Description of a new Cactee Echinopsis Maximiliana Heyder . In: General garden newspaper . Volume 14, 1846, pp. 250-251 ( online ).
- ↑ Joseph Anton Purpus: Echinopsis caespitosa JAPurpus spec. nov. In: Monthly for cactus science . Volume 27, Number 8, 1917, pp. 120-121 ( online ).
- ^ A b Martin Lowry: Echinopsis . In: Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives . Volume 16, 2003, p. 7.
- ^ Cactus and Succulent Journal . Volume 26, Cactus and Succulent Society of America, 1954, p. 81.
- ↑ Echinopsis maximiliana in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013.2. Posted by: Lowry, M., Ostalaza, C., Cáceres, F. & Roque, J., 2010. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
Web links
- Photos of Echinopsis maximiliana