Caucasian adder head

Caucasian snake head
	Caucasian snake head ( Echium amoenum )
Systematics
Order :	Boraginales
Family :	Boraginaceae (Boraginaceae)
Genre :	Adderheads ( Echium )
Type :	Caucasian snake head
Scientific name
	Echium amoenum
	Fish. & CAMey.

The Caucasian Natternkopf also Persian borage herb ( Echium amoenum ) is a species of the genus of snake heads in the family Boraginaceae . It is native to Azerbaijan and northern Iran , where it grows at heights of up to 2200 m.

description

The flowers after the harvest in Gilan .

The tea, made from dried flowers, is pH sensitive . Leavened with lemon juice, it appears bright red.

The herbaceous plant grows as a biennial to perennial shrub and reaches heights of about 50 cm. The flowers are about 3 cm long. It owes its Persian name to the bristly hairy stems and leavesگل گاوزبان(golgāvzabān, about "cow's tongue flower"). The Caucasian snake head is an important medicinal plant in traditional Iranian medicine. The dried flowers are prepared as tea, which is said to alleviate numerous ailments.

effect

The flower tea is said to have anti-inflammatory and relaxing effects and is traditionally used, for example, for colds. In particular, the analgesic , sedative and anxiety-relieving effect has been scientifically examined. The mechanism of action has not yet been elucidated, but naloxone reduces the analgesic effect, which could indicate an involvement of opioid receptors . Other studies speculate about flavonoids as agents that could bind to benzodiazepine receptors.

Medicinal plants with similar uses in Europe are the narrow-leaved coneflower and St. John's wort .

ingredients

The plant contains flavonoids and anthocyanidins in addition to various pyrrolizidine alkaloids and rosmarinic acid .

Individual evidence

^ Echium on the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
↑ David Hooper: Useful Plants and Drugs of Iran and Iraq. , Chicago, USA: Field Museum of Natural History; 1937, online .
↑ M. Nadi, N. Mosaffa, F. Karimi, M. Kamalinejad, B. Farrokhi, A. Anissian, P. Pakzad: Iranian black tea and cowslip extracts induce tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion from mouse macrophage cell culture. In: Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research: IJPR. Volume 9, Number 1, 2010, pp. 83-87, PMID 24363711 , PMC 3869554 (free full text).
↑ ^a ^b ^c M. R. Heidari, EM Azad, M. Mehrabani: Evaluation of the analgesic effect of Echium amoenum Fisch & CA Mey. extract in mice: possible mechanism involved. In: Journal of ethnopharmacology. Volume 103, Number 3, February 2006, pp. 345-349, doi : 10.1016 / j.jep.2005.08.027 , PMID 16185831 .
↑ M. Rabbani, SE Sajjadi, G. Vaseghi, A. Jafarian: Anxiolytic effects of Echium amoenum on the elevated plus-maze model of anxiety in mice. In: Fitoterapia. Volume 75, Number 5, July 2004, pp. 457-464, doi : 10.1016 / j.fitote.2004.04.004 , PMID 15261383 .
↑ S. Adel Pilerood, J. Prakash: Evaluation of nutritional composition and antioxidant activity of Borage (Echium amoenum) and Valerian (Valerian officinalis). In: Journal of food science and technology. Volume 51, number 5, May 2014, pp. 845-854, doi : 10.1007 / s13197-011-0573-z , PMID 24803690 , PMC 4008743 (free full text).
^ ^A ^b David Camfield, Erica McIntyre, Jerome Sarris: Potential Herbal Anxiolytics . In: Evidence-Based Herbal and Nutritional Treatments for Anxiety in Psychiatric Disorders . Springer, November 29, 2016, ISBN 978-3-319-42307-4 .

[GRIN-1] Echium on the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved July 19, 2020.

[2] David Hooper: Useful Plants and Drugs of Iran and Iraq. , Chicago, USA: Field Museum of Natural History; 1937, online .

[PMID24363711-3] M. Nadi, N. Mosaffa, F. Karimi, M. Kamalinejad, B. Farrokhi, A. Anissian, P. Pakzad: Iranian black tea and cowslip extracts induce tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion from mouse macrophage cell culture. In: Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research: IJPR. Volume 9, Number 1, 2010, pp. 83-87, PMID 24363711 , PMC 3869554 (free full text).

[PMID16185831-4] M. R. Heidari, EM Azad, M. Mehrabani: Evaluation of the analgesic effect of Echium amoenum Fisch & CA Mey. extract in mice: possible mechanism involved. In: Journal of ethnopharmacology. Volume 103, Number 3, February 2006, pp. 345-349, doi : 10.1016 / j.jep.2005.08.027 , PMID 16185831 .

[PMID15261383-5] M. Rabbani, SE Sajjadi, G. Vaseghi, A. Jafarian: Anxiolytic effects of Echium amoenum on the elevated plus-maze model of anxiety in mice. In: Fitoterapia. Volume 75, Number 5, July 2004, pp. 457-464, doi : 10.1016 / j.fitote.2004.04.004 , PMID 15261383 .

[PMID24803690-6] S. Adel Pilerood, J. Prakash: Evaluation of nutritional composition and antioxidant activity of Borage (Echium amoenum) and Valerian (Valerian officinalis). In: Journal of food science and technology. Volume 51, number 5, May 2014, pp. 845-854, doi : 10.1007 / s13197-011-0573-z , PMID 24803690 , PMC 4008743 (free full text).

[CamfieldMcIntyre2016-7] A ^b David Camfield, Erica McIntyre, Jerome Sarris: Potential Herbal Anxiolytics . In: Evidence-Based Herbal and Nutritional Treatments for Anxiety in Psychiatric Disorders . Springer, November 29, 2016, ISBN 978-3-319-42307-4 .