Edlinger (social class)
The Edlinger belonged to a prominent and privileged social class in Carantania , whose status and origin have not been clarified until then due to the lack of corresponding documented information prior to the 13th century. The Slovenian name is Kosezi .
Local spread
Corresponding sources up to the 16th century show that there were larger groups of Edlingers who were settled in 170 places in Carinthia , in 60 places in Carniola , in Styria and in 10 places in Istria . You can still find places called Edlingen in Carinthia and Koseze in Slovenia. Settlements of the Edlinger in Carinthia were in the Klagenfurt Basin , in the region between Völkermarkt in the east and Villach in the west, between the Drau in the south and St. Veit in the north as well as in the Jauntal and Lavanttal .
In Carniola , the Edlingers settled mainly in Upper Carniola between Wochein / Bohinj and Neumarktl / Tržič and near Zagor / Zagorje , also in the Sanntal / Savinjska dolina , on the Gurk / Krka in Lower Carniola and Schärfenberg / Svibno . In Styria there were settlement areas on the upper reaches of the Mur and in Istria in the area of the Riek / Reka river .
Interpretations of the name Kosezi
The German name Edlinger has only been documented in sources since the 13th century. For the time before, there are no known documents for this. Therefore, for the time being, only the Slovene term Kosezi can be the key to interpreting the name. Historiography tries to derive the origin of the name Kosezi in different ways. Some are of the opinion that the name comes from the Lombard language. Others derive the name from the Turkic "Quazaq". For others, the name “Kossiggas” , which comes from Old Thracian , is an option.
Social status
Like the name, the social position is also controversial. In the literature it is put up for discussion that the Edlingers could have developed from "fortified farming settlements" of late antiquity , the Lombard period , or that they emerged from "inner Slavic processes", whereby they succeeded in turning the medieval development into dependent people (subjects, unfree, Semi-free) to escape. From the documents of the 13th century it is not clear whether it is a kind of lower nobility . The Edlingers were free farmers on their own soil and they lived as such. In addition, however, they also had to perform other tasks - primarily of a military nature. They served their Carantan (Slovenian) princes and thus had a different legal status than the peasants. They had greater freedoms than them and they were subject to different laws, with their own jurisdiction and judges. Even under the Frankish rule and later until the 16th century, they managed to keep the right to carry arms.
tasks
It is assumed that the Edlinger belonged to the immediate military retinue of the prince. The guarding of important passes and important objects as well as the maintenance of bridges and fortified structures fell to them as further military tasks. They were also used as notifiers and conveyors of important news. It is disputed whether the Edlingers played a decisive role in the choice of the prince. It has been published that the " Herzogbauer ", who played an important role in the establishment of the dukes in Carinthia , was one of the Edlingers.
Individual evidence
- ↑ z. B .: Primus Lessiak : Edling-Kazaze. A contribution to the topography and settlement history of the Austrian Alpine countries. Carinthia 1.103.1913. Klagenfurt 1913. p. 81.
- ↑ z. BK Oštir, 1923.
- ^ A b Hermann Baltl : Austrian legal history. Leykam Verlag Graz 1972. ISBN 3-7011-7025-8 . P. 96.
literature
- Bogo Grafenauer : Zgodovina slovenskega naroda (History of the Slovene People) , Volume II, Ljubljana 1955,
- Jožko Šavli : Slovenska država Karantanija (The Slovenian State of Carantania), Koper 1990, ISBN 86-7089-001-1
- Hermann Braumüller: History of Carinthia, Klagenfurt 1945