Eduard Linnemann

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Eduard Linnemann (born February 2, 1841 in Frankfurt am Main , † April 4, 1886 in Prague ) was a German chemist.

Life

Linnemann, the son of a businessman, received chemistry lessons in Julius Löwe's private laboratory and studied chemistry with Robert Bunsen at Heidelberg University and at the Polytechnic in Karlsruhe for two years . As a post-doctoral student he was August Kekulé's private assistant at Ghent University from 1861 and Leopold von Pebal's in Lemberg from 1863 . In 1864/65 he headed the laboratory there and received his doctorate in Leipzig in 1865. In 1865 he became associate professor and in 1868, as successor to Pebal, full professor of general and pharmaceutical chemistry at the University of Lemberg and (after he had to leave the University of Lemberg when it was converted into a Polish university) in 1872 professor of chemistry at the German Technical University in Brno ( his successor there was Josef Habermann (1841-1914)). In 1875 he became a professor at the Charles University in Prague (as successor to Adolf Lieben ), which he remained until his death. When the university was separated into a German and a Czech one in 1882, he was dean of the Philosophical Faculty of the German University in Prague in 1882/83. He built the new institute building and turned from organic to inorganic chemistry. He died of a serious illness after a long period of suffering.

plant

During his time in Lemberg, Linnemann published a lot in Liebig's annals on organic chemistry. In particular, he presented a number of aliphatic alcohols and showed that the reaction of propylamine with nitric acid resulted in 2-propanol and not, as was usually assumed at the time, 1-propanol (and correspondingly with the conversion of butylamine to butanol). He published a twenty-part series of articles on fatty alcohols and investigated the reduction of carboxylic acids (mostly in the form of acid anhydrides) to alcohols, showing that aldehydes were formed as intermediates. In sugar chemistry, he reduced fructose with sodium amalgam to mannitol . In similar experiments, he first produced benzophenone and benzpinacol .

Later he dealt with mineral analysis, especially of zirconia . Shortly before his death in 1886, he believed he had found a new element, which he called Austrium , in the mineral orthite from Arendal, Norway . His physicist colleague Ferdinand Lippich presented the supposed discovery to the Austrian Academy of Sciences, but the element later turned out to be gallium .

An apparatus for fractional distillation he constructed in 1871 found widespread use in his time and was named after him. He discovered a connection between the constitution and the boiling point of organic compounds and developed an improved zirconium light (with the help of an oxygen-luminous gas blower that heated a platinum-mounted zirconium flake) and a pump.

Prices, memberships, private matters

In 1868 he received the Lieben Prize (with Karl von Than ) in particular for his methanol synthesis from hydrogen cyanide via methylamine , and again in 1874 for his work on the systematic structure of fatty acid series.

In 1872 he became a corresponding and in 1876 a full member of the Vienna Academy of Sciences .

In 1865 he married Christiane Flendrich from Karlsruhe, with whom he had five children.

literature

Web links

  • Sisma, Teachers of Physics and Chemistry at the German University of Brno, pdf

Individual evidence

  1. Linnemann, Austrium, a new metallic element, monthly journals for chemistry, Volume 7, 1887, pp. 121–123, reports of the Imperial Academy of Sciences Vienna, Volume 93, 1886
  2. Linnemann, About an essential improvement in the method of fractionated distillation, Annalen der Chemie und Physik, Volume 160, 1871
  3. Linnemann, About a new luminous gas oxygen blower and the zirconium light, monthly magazine for chemistry, Volume 6, 1885, pp. 899–908
  4. Linnemann, On the conversion of the amine bases into the associated monatomic alcohols, Annalen der Chemie und Pharmazie, Volume 144, 1867