Acioa longipendula
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| Acioa longipendula | ||||||||||||
| ( Pilg. ) Sothers & Prance |
Acioa longipendula , the pendulum nut or egg nut , is a species of the genus Acioa in the golden plum family. In Brazil it is also called castanha-de-galinha or castanha-pêndula . It only occurs in northern Brazil and is rarely cultivated.
Acioa edulis (Syn .: Couepia edulis ) is similar ; castanha-de-cutia , which supplies the cutia nut.
description
Acioa longipendula is a fast-growing, evergreen tree that grows up to 30 meters high. The trunk diameter can reach up to 80 centimeters. The bark is gray-brown and rough. The treetop often has drooping branches.
The alternate leaves are short stalked and up to 16 centimeters long. The leathery, bare leaves with a whole margin are rounded to pointed, tapered and they are elliptical to ovate or lanceolate. There are small, sloping stipules. There may be glands on the leaf blade .
Hanging panicles with up to 20 flowers are formed on very long stems. There are sloping front and cover sheets . The pendulous, penduliform and aromatic, short-stalked flowers are hermaphroditic with a double flower envelope. The bell-shaped flower cup is hairy brown on the outside and the five-lobed calyx has glands on the lobes on the outside. The five-fold corolla is white and sloping rapidly. There are 30 or more, slightly unilaterally arranged, pink and long stamens and a few staminodes. The above constant, unilocular ovary , at the top of the flower cup is, hairy, with a long, lateral stylus with capitate scar .
Up to 6–8 centimeters in size, sparsely and short-haired, egg-shaped drupes are formed. The mesocarp , up to about 1 cm thick, is fibrous and hard, the large, reddish-brown stone core has a thin, fibrous, membranous and furrowed endocarp. The reddish-brown seed core (nut) has a fine-haired, somewhat wrinkled seed shell , inside of which lies the white-greenish core with the large cotyledons .
The flowers are pollinated by bats .
Taxonomy
The first description of Basionyms Couepia longipendula done in 1914 by Robert pilgrims in Notizbl. Royal Bot. Garden Berlin 6: 141. The species was redistributed from the genus Couepia to the genus Acioa in 2014 in Phytotaxa 172 (3): 178-179, by Cynthia A. Sothers and Ghillean T. Prance.
use
The seed core is edible, the delicate taste is similar to that of Brazil nuts . An oil can also be obtained from it, it has a high proportion of the rarer conjugated fatty acids α- licanic acid (couepic acid) and α- eleostearic acid and it quickly becomes rancid .
The bark provides coarse fibers.
The wood is hard and heavy and very durable.
literature
- Food and fruit-bearing forest species. 3: Examples from Latin America , FAO Forestry Paper 44/3, 1986, ISBN 92-5-102372-7 , pp. 101 ff.
- GT Prance: Flora da Reserva Ducke, Amazonas, Brasil: Chrysobalanaceae. In: Rodriguésia. 58 (3), 2007, pp. 493-531, doi: 10.1590 / 2175-7860200758303 , online (PDF), at Rodriguésia - Revista do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, accessed on October 30, 2018.
- Julio S. Inglez Sousa et al .: Enciclopédia agrícola brasileira. C-D 2, EDUSP, 1998, ISBN 85-31404-60-6 , pp. 224 f.
- Jules Janick, Robert E. Paull: The Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts. CABI, 2008, ISBN 978-0-85199-638-7 , 254 ff.
- C. Sothers, GT Prance, S, Buerki et al .: Taxonomic novelties in Neotropical Chrysobalanaceae: Towards a monophyletic Couepia. In: Phytotaxa. 172 (2), 2014, pp. 176-200, doi: 10.11646 / phytotaxa.172.3.2 .
Web links
- Couepia longipendula from Useful Tropical Plants, accessed October 30, 2018.
- Couepia longipendula at plantsystematics.org.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Acioa. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 19, 2019.
- ↑ MM Corrêa, VV Scudeller, M. Gracimar, MG Pacheco de Araújo: Comparative leaf morphological analysis of 20 species of Chrysobalanaceae. In: Acta Amazonica. 45 (1), 2014, pp. 13-20, doi: 10.1590 / 1809-4392201400983 .
- ↑ Acioa longipendula at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Couepia longipendula from PlantFA Database, accessed October 31, 2018.