Elbe bridge Wittenberg (street)

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Coordinates: 51 ° 51 ′ 27 ″  N , 12 ° 39 ′ 6 ″  E

B2 Wittenberg Elbe Bridge
Wittenberg Elbe Bridge
The new road bridge in front of the new railway bridge
Convicted Bundesstrasse 2
Subjugated Elbe
place Wittenberg
construction Tied arch bridge
overall length 452.2 m
width 24.5 m
Longest span 148.2 m
Construction height 37.5 m
start of building 1998
completion 2000
location
Elbe bridge Wittenberg (street) (Saxony-Anhalt)
Elbe bridge Wittenberg (street)

The Elbe bridge in Wittenberg is a 452 m long road bridge on Bundesstraße 2 , which spans the Elbe at river kilometer 213.8 in Lutherstadt Wittenberg . The overpass serves as a bypass around the city and is equipped with two lanes for each lane. In the bridge area, the road is straight, it crosses the Elbe at an acute angle.

history

Friedrich the Meek had the first fixed Elbe crossing built from 1449 to 1451 as a wooden structure. The bridge replaces an Elbe ferry that was occupied from 1380 to 1448. During the years of the Saxon Fratricidal War, the bridge was supposed to ensure a safe connection to the Meissnian-Eastern territory on the left of the Elbe. The costs of the new building (450 shock groschen or 1,300 guilders) were mainly borne by the Wittenberg citizens through a specially raised bridge fee collected from the lordly administrators.

In 1455, the elector released the citizens of Wittenberg from paying the bridge tariff for their work in the construction of bridges and their involvement in the Saxon Civil War, which otherwise all riders and traders crossing the bridge had to pay to the Elbe bridge master. This first Elbe bridge was to exist until 1488, as evidenced in particular by income from the Elbe bridge toll and the regular expenses for maintaining the bridge.

Elbe Bridge 1536

On March 9, 1488, a flood destroyed large parts of the bridge. A ferry company replaced the structure during the repair work. The Elector Friedrich III. von Sachsen, known as the Wise, commissioned the carpenters Lorenz Ofenstein and Donat Zimmermann with the work. They made eleven new ones and took three old 'lintel yokes'. Twelve iron-studded posts driven into the ground with an iron ram supported each of these yokes. Connecting beams and oak street timbers were placed on top of these structures. Yokes connected the construction above the road. Later the yokes were probably reinforced with additional stakes. The approximately 2 m wide wooden structure had 13 openings with spans of approximately 20 m. The building was burned down on January 17, 1637 in the course of the Thirty Years' War , the last remains were only removed in 1657 by order of the elector.

In the 150 years that followed 1637 there was only one ferry connection with a brief interruption. During the Seven Years' War in 1760 Prussia temporarily used a ship bridge to move units.

Elbe Bridge 1787

The third wooden bridge was built between 1784 and 1787. The timber structure, about 11 cubits in width, had 13 openings and was about 350 cubits long. The structure was destroyed by ice in 1841.

From 1842 to 1846 the bridge was first constructed with eleven natural stone pillars made of sandstone . The 12-field superstructure consisted of wooden trusses and was 270 m long and 8.1 m wide. The traffic handover took place on January 9, 1847.

Elbe bridge in 1912, in the background the railway bridge built in 1859

From 1886 to 1887 the superstructures of the four power fields with clear widths of 20 m were replaced by two iron superstructures with parabolic upper chords and 42 m clear width and two river pillars were demolished. In 1907, the remaining wooden superstructures in the foreland area, truss structures that looked like vaulted bridges due to the wooden cladding, were replaced by solid iron girders with an overhead track. At that time the bridge was 9.6 m wide.

On April 25, 1945, the bridge's two power fields were blown up, and a year later road traffic was able to use a temporary wooden structure in some areas. The superstructures, each spanning 42 m, consisted of wooden double timber frame constructions. The 280 m long 10-span structure was last rebuilt in 1965. The wooden superstructures were replaced by a steel girder bridge. This was a two-span continuous beam , each with a span of 46 m and a twin box girder as a cross-section.

The current Elbe bridge was built between 1998 and 2000 at the same time as the railway bridge running parallel to it . These jointly replace the old overpasses, which were about 320 m downstream ( 51 ° 51 ′ 25.6 ″  N , 12 ° 38 ′ 48.2 ″  E ) and which were blown up or dismantled after the new buildings were completed. For this purpose, the state road authority of Saxony-Anhalt commissioned the planning company Bahnbau Deutsche Einheit to build the road bridge in addition to the neighboring railway bridge. It is one of the largest bridges over the Elbe.

Bridge construction from 2000

Board with technical data in the Elbe meadows of the Middle Elbe Biosphere Reserve, east of the southern bridgehead
Elbe bridge near Wittenberg seen from the north.

In the course of the bridge and other flood protection measures, federal highway 2 was rebuilt over a length of around 6.5 km. The execution planning was carried out by the Munich engineering office Schmitt, Stumpf and Frühauf.

Superstructures

The six-span, 452.2 m long road bridge is a composite steel bridge with spans of 34.2 m - 45.6 m - 57.0 m - 79.8 m - 148.2 m - 87.4 m. The current field is carried by an arch in the central axis of the bridge .

The superstructures of the approach bridges have a common reinforced concrete deck for both carriageways, supported by two steel hollow boxes with a center distance of 12.0 m. The construction height decreases from a maximum of 3.5 m at the flow pillar to 2.5 m at the abutment. The hollow boxes consist of steel troughs with webs at a distance of 5.0 m and cross frames at a distance of 3.8 m. The box webs have a constant incline, which means that the width of the base plate varies. The webs are connected to the reinforced concrete deck using headed bolt dowels . The carriageway slab is 24.5 m wide, not pretensioned in the transverse direction and, with a variable cross-sectional height, is 33 cm thick on average.

The 148.2 m long main bridge, which is monolithically connected to them, is located between the two approach bridges. The 3.5 m high carriageway girder is a two-cell steel composite hollow box, with a 15.4 m wide lower flange as a trough cross-section made of steel. Cross braces are arranged at a distance of 3.8 m. The carriageway slab is 24.5 m wide, not pre-tensioned in the transverse direction and, with a variable cross-sectional height, is 35 cm thick on average. The middle cap with the connections of the bow hangers is a pure steel construction. The vertical bow hangers have a cross profile as a cross section and are arranged at a distance of 11.4 m. The pitch of the two-cell steel arch is approximately 34 m.

The fixed point of the superstructures is the river pillar on the right bank of the river Elbe, expansion joints are only present at the abutments.

Substructures and foundation

The abutments and foreland piers are founded on driven piles with a diameter of 56 cm. The river pillars have a flat foundation on very dense sands. At the bottom, they have an elliptical, solid reinforced concrete cross-section with dimensions of 6.0 × 8.0 m and expand upwards in the form of a bone with dimensions of 11.0 × 16.0 m.

Construction work

In a first step, the steel troughs of the southern approach bridge were mounted on auxiliary supports and the roadway slab was concreted. The up to 34 m long shots were delivered completely ready. Then the steel troughs for three fields and a section of the fourth field on the Wittenberger Ufer were assembled on auxiliary supports and the roadway slab partially concreted. The steel construction of the river bridge and the 34 m long section of the fourth northern foreland area were assembled in the southern Elbe foreland on the foreshore bridge and a 50 m long dam section. The bridge section was moved over the Elbe with the help of a pontoon on shunting tracks made of reinforced concrete beams . Finally the missing areas of the carriageway slab were concreted in sections.

literature

  • Hans-Joachim Casper, Anton Klotzner, Sebastian Plica, Oliver Schreiber: The road bridge over the Elbe in Wittenberg - a composite bridge with a central arch . In: Bauingenieur 76 , year 2001, issue 9, pp. 418–426
  • Learned news. News of the former and the newly built Elbe bridge at Wittenberg. In: Wittenbergisches Wochenblatt to take up natural history and the economic trade. JDTitius, 1789, pp. 77 (87) , 78 (88) , accessed September 10, 2018 .
  • JD Titius: Cracks to the old and new Elbbrücke in Wittenberg, copper engraving, 1788. Dresden, Saxon State Library - State and University Library Dresden (SLUB), accessed on September 10, 2018 .

Web links

Commons : Elbebrücken Lutherstadt Wittenberg  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Detailed building bills, in the main state archive Weimar in the files of the Wittenberg Office: ThürHStA Weimar, EGA, Reg. Bb 2709, fol. 66r-72v; ThürHStA Weimar, EGA, Reg.Bb 2712, fol. 39r-40r, 62r; ThürHStA Weimar, EGA, Reg.Bb 2711, fol. 77r-78r.
  2. ↑ Thomas Lang: Just straw and clay? - Structural design and use of the Wittenberg Castle (1423–1489) Part 2: Residence and fortifications of the Electors of Saxony , in: The Ernestine Wittenberg: City and residents (Wittenberg research 2.1), published by Heiner Lück, Enno on behalf of the LEUCOREA Foundation Bünz, Leonhard Helten, Armin Kohnle, Dorothée Sack and Hans-Georg Stephan, Petersberg 2013, pp. 293–315, p. 302, note 112 with the corresponding sources.
  3. ↑ Wittenberg official account 1449–1451: ThürHStA Weimar, EGA, Bb 2709, fol. 12r.
  4. ↑ Copies of the document: RatsA Wittenberg, Urbar No. 102 (Bc 90), fol. 71v-72v; RatsA Wittenberg, Urbar No. 145 (Bb 12), fol. 3v-4v .; Manfred Straube: On the economic position of Wittenberg in the first half of the 16th century , in: Jahrbuch für Regionalgeschichte 10 (1983), pp. 49–69, here p. 67
  5. ↑ Manfred Straube: The movement of goods on the upper and middle reaches of the Elbe between Pirna and Wittenberg at the beginning of the early modern period , in: Hardach, Karl (ed.): Economic historical studies - Festgabe für Othmar Pickl, Frankfurt a. M. et al. 2007, pp. 221-260, pp. 237 f.
  6. ↑ Invoices and numerous individual documents in the files of the Wittenberg Office: ThürHStA Weimar, EGA, Reg. Bb 2728, fol. 53v, 55v-r, 64v-68r.
  7. ↑ ThürHStA Weimar, EGA, Reg. Bb 2728, fol. 65r: "131 phel czu push, 11 stortz yoch uff czu brengen"; Mathematically, there are 12 piles per yoke. This calculation figure confirms the construction of a yoke in the previous year with 12 piles.
  8. ^ Second bridge from 1490 ( Memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ). In: Chronicle of Lutherstadt Wittenberg; here: the year 1487 ; July 21, 2007
  9. ↑ Scholarly News. News of the former and the newly built Elbe bridge at Wittenberg. In: Wittenbergisches Wochenblatt to take up natural history and the economic trade. JDTitius, 1789, p. 78 (88) , archived from the original on September 10, 2018 ; accessed on September 10, 2018 .
  10. ^ Third bridge from 1787 ( Memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ). In: Chronicle of Lutherstadt Wittenberg; here: the year 1784 ; July 21, 2007
  11. ^ Fourth bridge from 1846 ( Memento of September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ). In: Chronicle of Lutherstadt Wittenberg; here: the year 1846 ; July 21, 2007
  12. ^ Reconstruction of the 4th bridge from 1887 ( Memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ). In: Chronicle of Lutherstadt Wittenberg; here: the year 1887 ; July 21, 2007
  13. ^ A b Planungsgesellschaft Bahnbau Deutsche Einheit (Ed.): Lutherstadt Wittenberg-Bitterfeld. German Unity Transport Project No. 8 , Berlin, November 1998.
upstream Bridges over the Elbe downstream
Elbe bridge Wittenberg (railway) Elbe bridge Wittenberg (street)
 Vockerode Elbe Bridge