Electric heat
Electric heat and electric heating are collective terms in thermal engineering and electrical engineering for heat or thermal energy that is generated by converting electrical energy . The underlying principle is the electricity heating law .
In this context, the terms electricity heat and Joule heat are also used, but not uniformly, partly in the sense of energy, partly of power.
Especially since the beginning of the 20th century, in many areas - from household appliances to industrial use - heating using electric heat has prevailed over direct heating using a fuel such as wood, coal, gas or oil. The reasons were varied, they ranged from economic considerations as well as fire protection and security to better handling and more convenience and comfort. One disadvantage is the low level of efficiency that results from the conversion between different types of energy: Since the electricity network is largely fed by thermal power plants , thermal energy in the power plant is first converted into electrical energy and then converted back into thermal energy in the electrical heating system to become. This fact has only received wider attention in the last few decades.
Types of electric heat
| Energy source | Subgroup | Applications |
|---|---|---|
| electrical current | Resistance heating | Heaters , egg cooker , electric space heating , electric stove , electric fireplace , bulb , filament , heating , hot air gun , soldering iron , kettle , dryer , immersion heaters , radiant heaters , uv at |
| Heat pump | Heat pump heating | |
| Electric arc | Welding , arc furnace | |
| electromagnetic fields | Inductive heating | Induction furnace , induction hob , crucible furnace , eddy current brake |
| Capacitive heating (dielectric ~) | Microwave oven , high frequency field heating, diathermy | |
| electromagnetic rays | Infrared radiation | Infrared treatment , infrared cabin |
| laser beam | Laser welding , laser cutting , laser medicine | |
| Plasma jet | Plasma fusion cutting | |
| Electron beam | Electron beam welding |
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ludwig Bergmann, Clemens Schaefer: Textbook of Experimental Physics, Volume II, Electricity and Magnetism . de Gruyter, 1971, p. 150
- ↑ Dieter Zastrow: Electrical engineering: A basic textbook . Vieweg + Teubner, 2010, p. 59
- ↑ Ulrich Harten: Physics: An introduction for engineers and natural scientists . Springer, 2014, p. 186
- ↑ Andreas Binder: Electrical machines and drives: Fundamentals, operating behavior . Springer, 2012, p. 430
- ↑ Günther Lehner: Electromagnetic field theory for engineers and physicists . Springer, 2010, p. 111
- ^ Wilhelm Raith: Electromagnetism . de Gruyter, 2006, p. 109