Eligio Ayala

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Eligio Ayala (around 1925)

José Eligio Ayala (born December 4, 1879 in Mbuyapey , Paraguarí Department , † October 24, 1930 in Asunción ) was a Paraguayan politician who was Minister of Finance between 1916 and 1919 and between 1920 and 1923 and Provisional President of Paraguay from 1923 to 1924 . He was again President between 1924 and 1928 and held the office of Finance Minister again from 1928 until his death in 1930. He died of an exchange of fire with a bank clerk whom he shot after a personal argument.

Life

Member of Parliament, Speaker of Parliament and Minister of Finance

José Eligio Ayala, son of the well-known journalist and political commentator José de la Cruz Ayala , came from a poor family and completed an undergraduate degree in Asunción with financial support from a government scholarship. He then completed a law degree at the Faculty of Law and Social Sciences at the Universidad Nacional de Asunción (UNA) and then worked as a teacher at the Colegio Nacional from 1904 to 1910 . He had been a member of the Partido Liberal since his youth and supported the revolution led by General Benigno Ferreira in 1904 . In 1908 he became a member of the Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados) , the lower house of the National Congress (Congreso de Paraguay) for the first time for the Partido Liberal , and in 1910 at the age of 30 he became President of the Chamber of Deputies.

In 1911 Ayala led a failed uprising against the coup d'état by Albino Jara and then had to go into exile in Europe. In the following years he did study visits to the University of London , the University of Paris , the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg and the University of Zurich until 1916 . In Switzerland he met Vladimir Ilyich Lenin . On his return to Paraguay on August 15, 1916, he became finance minister in the government of President Manuel Franco , who, alongside him, was Luis Alberto Riart as Minister of the Interior, Manuel Gondra as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Félix Paiva as Minister of Justice, Religion and Public Education and Ernesto Velázquez as War and Navy Ministers belonged. He held the office of finance minister until October 1916.

In March 1920 he was re-elected as a member of the Chamber of Deputies and then appointed by President Manuel Gondra as Minister of Finance (Ministro de Hacienda) in his second government in August 1920 , with José Patricio Guggiari as Minister of the Interior, Enrique Bordenave as Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Rogelio Ibarra Muñoz as Minister for justice, religion and public education as well as Colonel Adolfo Chirife as minister of war and navy. From November 1921 to April 1923 he also held the office of finance minister in the government of President Eusebio Ayala , in the Rogelio Ibarra Muñoz as interior minister, Alejandro Arce as foreign minister, Eliseo Da Rosa as minister for justice and public education and Colonel Manuel Rojas as warrior - and Ministers of the Navy acted.

First presidency from April 1923 to March 1924

After President Eusebio Ayala resigned on April 7, 1923 due to the civil war from 1922 to 1923, Eligio Ayala took over the post of President of Paraguay on a provisional basis , after the Congress accepted his resignation on April 12, 1923. He then formed his first cabinet, which included Modesto Guggiari as Minister of the Interior, Rogelio Ibarra Muñoz as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Lisandro Díaz León as Minister of Public Education and Justice, and Colonel Manlio Schenoni as Minister of War and the Navy.

On February 3, 1924, the convention of the Radical Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Radical) nominated Ayala as its candidate for the 1924 presidential election and Manuel Burgos as a candidate for the vice-presidency. The originally intended candidacy of the former President Eusebio Ayala was thus withdrawn. At the party convention, José Patricio Guggiari was also elected President of the Partido Liberal Radical. On March 17, 1924, Eligio Ayala resigned from his post as President in order to prepare for his election campaign for the presidency from 1924 to 1928. Thereupon the former interior minister Luis Alberto Riart took over the presidency on March 17, 1924.

Second presidency from August 1924 to August 1928

Eligio Ayala was elected president by an electoral college on May 11, 1924, while Manuel Burgos was elected vice-president. After being sworn in on August 15, 1924, he then formed his second government, Manuel Benítez as Minister of Finance, Belisario Rivarola as Minister of the Interior, Manuel Peña as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Adolfo Aponte as Minister of Justice, Religion and Public Education and Luis Alberto Riart as Minister of War and Navy Ministers belonged.

At the beginning of his presidency Paraguay had a population of around one million, of which 828,968 lived in the capital Asunción and 103,750 in the rest of the country. The School of Surveying (Escuela de Agrimensura) , founded in 1921, became part of the Universidad Nacional de Asunción (UNA) in 1926 as the Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences. His term of office ended on August 15, 1924, after which he ceded the office of president to José Patricio Guggiari. It was the first time in Paraguay's history that an elected president regularly ended his four-year term.

His term of office as president was marked by a period of peace without the otherwise numerous coups. Its modernization program included social affairs as well as reforms in the areas of public finance in education. The relative freedom of the press and the educational reforms led to a cultural renaissance in Paraguay in the late 1920s, which was particularly evident in a new interest in the literature and music of the Guaraní . The relative freedom of ideological debates and the emerging trade union spawned other new political movements such as the National Independence League (Liga Nacional Independiente) and the New National Ideology (Nuevo Ideario Nacional) . Despite the period of inner peace he advocated a strengthening of control over the region of Gran Chaco one, but this led to unrest in the border region and, finally, in the beginning of Chacokrieges led 1,932th

Minister of Finance from 1928 to 1930 and death

His successor as President José Patricio Guggiari reappointed Eligio Ayala as Minister of Finance in his government, Jerónimo Zubizarreta as Foreign Minister, Eliseo Da Rosa as Minister of War and the Navy, Luis de Gásperi as Minister of the Interior and Rodolfo González as Minister of Justice, Religion and Public Education belonged to.

Ayala was single. After his lover Hilda Diez had left him because of the younger bank clerk Tomás Bareiro, there was a gun duel between the two opponents on October 23, 1930. Ayala shot Bareiro, but succumbed to the injuries he had suffered as well.

Publications

  • Migraciones , Bern 1915, published 1941 (posthumously)
  • Evolución de la Economia Agraria en el Paraguay , 1986 (posthumous)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ PRESIDENCIA DEL DOCTOR MANUEL FRANCO in Portal Guaraní
  2. ↑ SEGUNDA Presidencia DE Gondra in Portal Guaraní
  3. ^ Paraguay: Presidents
  4. ↑ PRESIDENCIA PROVISIONAL DE ELIGIO AYALA in Portal Guaraní
  5. ^ Paraguay: Presidents
  6. ^ In 1925 Enrique Bordenave succeeded Manuel Peña as Foreign Minister
  7. ↑ SEGUNDO GOBIERNO DE AYALA ELIGIO in Portal Guaraní
  8. ↑ GOBIERNO DEL DR. JOSÉ P. GUGGIARI in Portal Guaraní
personal data
SURNAME Ayala, Eligio
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ayala, José Eligio (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Paraguayan politician and lawyer
DATE OF BIRTH 4th December 1879
PLACE OF BIRTH Mbuyapey , Paraguarí Department
DATE OF DEATH October 24, 1930
Place of death Asunción