Elwood Haynes
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Elwood Haynes (born October 14, 1857 in Portland , Indiana , † April 13, 1925 in Kokomo , Indiana) was an American inventor, metallurgist , automotive pioneer and entrepreneur. He invented the alloy Stellite and is therefore one of the pioneers of stainless steel. He also designed one of the first automobiles in the USA and founded the Haynes International company .
Life
Early life
Haynes was born the fifth child of Judge Jacob M. Haynes and his wife Hilinda S. Haynes on October 14, 1857 in Portland, Indiana. His ancestors emigrated from England to the USA in 1689. His paternal grandfather, Henry Haynes, a gunsmith and mechanic, taught him metallurgy during his youth. Haynes became interested in this and chemistry from an early age. When he was 15, he built a smelting furnace and began working with copper , bronze and iron . He made various alloys. Despite several attempts, he did not succeed in raising the temperature of his furnace so much that he could have processed steel .
Haynes was also interested in nature in his childhood and spent a lot of time in the forest collecting plants, insects and other animals. As he got older, he liked to read; B. Principles of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry ( principles of natural philosophy and chemistry ) by William Wells. He paid particular attention to the fundamental properties of matter (the atoms were not yet known at the time), which later enabled him to make groundbreaking inventions in the field of the development of new alloys.
education
He first attended public schools and from 1878 to 1881 the Worcester Technical Institute in Worcester, Massachusetts . He graduated with the thesis " The influence of tungsten on iron and steel ". After that he returned and taught in the public school. He then became director of Portland High School , where he stayed for two years. From 1884 he devoted himself again to his own further education and enrolled in the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore . There he took courses in chemistry and biology, then returned after graduation and became head of the chemistry department at Eastern Indiana Normal School and Commercial College .
Starting a family and late years
On January 21, 1887, he married Bertha Beatrice Lanterman from Portland, a long-time friend. They had a daughter and a son who later both helped the father with his laboratory work and in running his business.
He died in his home in Kokomo on April 13, 1925.
plant
Gas boom
After the discovery of gas in Indiana in the mid-1880s, there was rapid development in the area known as the Indiana Gas Boom . In 1886, Haynes was hired as a manager at the Portland Natural Gas and Oil Company . There he supervised the drilling of gas wells and production via pipelines in the still young gas industry. Haynes invented various devices that were very important to the gas industry. One of his first inventions was a quantity measurement to determine the amount of gas delivered. In 1888 he invented a thermostat to regulate natural gas stoves in connection with the room temperature.
In 1889 a pipeline was built with a length of 16 km between Pennville, Indiana and Portland, whose supervision he took over. During the many rides between the two sites, he began to think about motorized transport. He considered that motorized vehicles could be a more economical and faster method of transportation than horses and carriages.
The Indiana Natural Gas and Oil Company of Chicago hired Haynes as a field supervisor in 1890. There he supervised the construction of a pipeline of over 150 km between eastern Indiana and Chicago. The temperature changes on the long stretch caused condensation in the pipeline and the water froze in certain places in winter. The production of gas had to be stopped during the winter months, which was a major problem. Haynes designed a device for cooling the natural gas before it was extracted, so that the water contained was condensed out. These cooling units were installed between the production stations and the main line and removed the water. The line could therefore also be used in winter. The concept was a significant advance in cooling technology at the time and was later developed further.
automobile
The travel associated with working at Indiana Gas inspired Haynes to think about motorized transportation. According to his own account, he developed plans to build a "mechanically powered vehicle" that would drive on roads. His first idea was a steam powered vehicle, but after careful consideration, he decided it was too dangerous. Next he thought about an electrically powered vehicle, but after some investigation he found that there were no practical ways to store the electricity it needed. He continued to develop his plans until in 1893 he was able to submit a draft that he found workable.
Pioneer : The first automobile?
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Haynes decided that an internal combustion engine would be the best way to power his vehicle. He ordered an engine from the Sintz Gasoline Engine Company in Grand Rapids , Michigan , which was intended for a boat. The engine weighed 82 kg and was delivered in 1893. He attached the engine to a carriage, but it was soon damaged by the strong vibrations before he could turn the engine off again.
His first car, the Pioneer , was built by Haynes in 1894. He later dated the vehicle to 1893, claiming he had built the first gasoline-powered automobile in the United States. This is proven to be wrong, but it was even the subject of an advertising campaign for Haynes automobiles. He donated the vehicle to the Smithsonian Institution in 1910 , where it is still on display today - alongside the Duryea Motor Wagon, which was actually completed in 1893 .
Automobile manufacturing
In 1896, Haynes and the Apperson brothers founded the Haynes-Apperson Company in Kokomo to manufacture automobiles. After the Apperson brothers left the company, Haynes renamed it the Haynes Automobile Company in 1905. Until January 1925, he manufactured automobiles with 2-, 4-, 6- and 12-cylinder engines there.
Political work
A strong proponent of alcohol prohibition, Haynes ran for the United States Senate under that lemma in 1916 , but suffered an overwhelming defeat. After that, he slowly withdrew from the leadership role in his company and left a large part of the decisions to his managers and children.
Web links
- Elwood Haynes in his first car
- Smithsonian: Haynes automobile, 1894. Catalog #: 262,135. (English) (accessed July 7, 2016)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Haynesintl - website: Our Founder, Elwood Haynes. From: www.haynesintl.com , accessed April 4, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c d Cityofkokomo - Internet site: Elwood Haynes Museum. From: www.cityofkokomo.org , accessed April 4, 2019 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Haynes, Elwood |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | American inventor, metallurgist, automotive pioneer and entrepreneur |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 14, 1857 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Portland , Indiana |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 13, 1925 |
| Place of death | Kokomo , Indiana |