Emmy Grave

Emmy Henriette Auguste Charlotte Grave (born February 17, 1885 in Essen , † after 1948 in?) Was a German educator and women's rights activist.

biography

Grave was the daughter of the station assistant Ernst Grave. She attended a Protestant elementary school from 1891 to 1894 as well as the municipal higher girls' school in Essen until 1900 and in Osnabrück until 1902 . In 1905 she passed the examination as a teacher for middle and high school for girls in Osnabrück. In Geneva she then deepened her language skills. She then ran a private school in Neuenkirchen / Olbg . From 1909 to 1911 the senior teacher was at the municipal daughter school in Lingen .

Grave studied biology, history, geography and German from 1911 to 1916 at the University of Münster and the University of Kiel . In 1915 she was also employed at the Zoological Institute in Münster . In 1916 she passed her examination for teaching at secondary schools and became a senior teacher at the Perleberg Lyzeum and in 1917 at the Kippenberg Oberlyzeum ( college for adult daughters and teachers' seminar ) in Bremen. It was in 1924 secondary school teacher and director in 1929 and director of studies of the Secondary School for Girls in Bremen Neustadt , which is converted into a secondary school and when after 1937 high school was named. Mathilde Plate , Emmy Grave, Dr. Johanna Lürssen and Dr. Marie Quincke were the first women in Bremen in the 1920s as heads of state secondary schools for girls. Grave remained director until 1945. After 1945, she was initially dismissed as a follower of the National Socialists , as she was a member of the National Socialist People's Welfare (NSV) and the Reichslehrerbund (RLB). In 1946 it was stopped again.

In addition, Grave had been a member of the Association of Private Girls' Schools since 1917. In 1919 she became chairwoman of the Bremen Association of Women Philologists and from 1932 chairwoman of the German Association of Women Philologists . From 1921 to 1932 she was a member of the board of the Bremen Teachers 'Association (VBL) and at the same time was on the board of the General German Teachers' Association (ADLV) until 1932, which was dissolved by the Nazis in 1933. She was also chair of the Bremen group of the Association of Academically Educated Teachers. Through their cooperation with Dora Behrmann, the 2nd chairman of the VBL, both women were able to achieve a lot.

In her associations, Grave stood up for the goals of the women's movement, for the qualification of teachers and their equality, for better pension provision for teachers, for state schools for girls instead of the previous private schools and for educational school reforms.

Literature, sources

• Edith Laudowicz : Grave, Emmy Henriette Auguste Charlotte . In: Women's history (s) , Bremer Frauenmuseum (ed.). Edition Falkenberg, Bremen 2016, ISBN 978-3-95494-095-0 .
• Hannelore Cyrus : It was wonderful, wonderful, wonderful. A female network of relationships and a reference system using the example of teachers from Bremen and their cabaret under the “director” Meta E. Schmidt . In: L'Homme. Journal of Feminist History . Vienna 1993, No. 1, pp. 57-73.