Earthy-smelling slime head

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Earthy-smelling slime head
Cortinarius variecolor 01.jpg

Earthy-smelling mucous head ( Cortinarius variicolor )

Systematics
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Agaricales
Family : Veil relatives (Cortinariaceae)
Genre : Veils ( Cortinarius )
Subgenus : Mucous heads ( phlegmacium )
Type : Earthy-smelling slime head
Scientific name
Cortinarius variicolor
( Pers. ) Fr.

The earthy-smelling mucous head or veil ( Cortinarius variicolor , syn .: Cortinarius nemorensis ) is a leaf fungus from the family of veil relatives (Cortinariaceae). It is a very variable colored mushroom with an initially greasy to sticky hat that is more or less purple in color when young, but soon turns brown from the top. Its lamellae are gray-blue to pale gray-violet when young and the bulbous stem is neither sticky nor slimy. The earthy, musty smelling meat tastes mild and turns yellow with KOH . The mucous head has warty, more or less almond-shaped spores. The fruiting bodies of the mycorrhizal fungus appear gregarious from July to October, mainly in mountain coniferous forests. The mushroom is considered inedible or very inferior.

features

Macroscopic features

The fleshy hat is 5–15 cm wide. At first it is hemispherical, later arched to spread out and only flattens out in old age. The brim of the hat remains rolled up for a long time and can sometimes be turned up later. The surface is at least initially greasy and sticky at the edge and later dry and slightly ingrown with radial fibers. However, when it is wet, the skin of the hat can be clearly slimy. The hat is colored purple to purple when young, but soon becomes fox-brown from the top. The violet tones can disappear completely with age, so that it is then more or less gray-brown in color.

The bulging lamellae are relatively close together. They are initially gray-blue to gray-beige in color and often also have a purple tint. In old age they are more or less colored cinnamon brown by the spore powder. The lamellar edges are whitish.

The firm, full and more or less club-like stem is 5–15 cm long and 1.5–3 cm wide. It is whitish-gray when young, possibly also pale bluish in color and becomes reddish-brown with age. It is overfibred by the brown velum. In the lower part it is often decorated with fleeting bluish-brown zones.

The meat is initially whitish and has a slight purple tint. It turns more or less brownish with age. The meat has a distinct, unpleasant earthy musty smell that is somewhat reminiscent of beetroot. With ammonia or potassium hydroxide solution, the mild-tasting meat turns bright yellow.

Microscopic features

The warty, almond-shaped spores measure 10–12 × 5.5–7 µm.

Species delimitation

The fungus, like many veils, is not easy to identify because the mucous head can be colored very differently. Typical of it is its unpleasant, earthy smell, which gave the mushroom its name, and it is a typical coniferous forest mushroom. Its doppelganger Cortinarius nemorensis occurs in beech forests. Today, however, this species is partly attributed to Cortinarius largus , the pale mucous head , and partly to the earthy-smelling mucous head. The demarcation is difficult because the veil also occurs in the beech forest and there is also supposed to be an odorless variant.

Ecology and diffusion

European countries with evidence of finding of the earthy-smelling slime head.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The fungus is found in North America (Canada, USA), Asia (Japan) and Europe. It is widespread almost entirely in Europe. In the south, its distribution area extends from Spain to Greece and Bulgaria in the southeast. It is also found in all of southern Fennoscandinavia . In Great Britain it is found very scattered in Scotland and England. It was also found in Northern Ireland. The mucous head is very rare in the Netherlands, while it is quite common in the Alpine countries of Switzerland, Austria and Liechtenstein. In the north it barely exceeds the 58th parallel. The highest location is in Switzerland at 2060 m asl and in Austria over 1700 m. In Germany the veil is common in some areas, but it can be very rare in other areas or completely absent.

    It is mostly found in mountain spruce forests, where it likes to grow on the edges of the forest, in grassy areas and in the coniferous litter. The fruiting bodies appear mostly gregarious from July to October (November). They often grow in rows or rings. The mycorrhizal fungus is usually associated with spruce, but it also occurs in pines. The earthy-smelling Schleimkopf prefers limestone soils, it is far less common on silicate soils. The ratio of Ca to Si is 2.6. The maximum temperature is around 9 ° C and the optimum temperature is 8 ° C.

    Systematics

    The earth-smelling Schleimkopf was first described in 1801 by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon as Agaricus variecolor . This name was sanctioned by Elias Magnus Fries in 1821 . In 1838 Fries placed the veil in the genus Cortinarius , so that it got its current scientific name. Fries changed (it is unclear whether intentional or unintentional) the spelling of the epithet to variicolor , which is the current spelling according to IndexFungorum and Mykobank, even if the name Cortinarius variecolor is used in many scientific works and databases . The name Cortinarius variecolor was also used in older works for Cortinarius praestans , the barn owl . In addition to the valid binomial, there are at least two other homotypical synonyms : Paul Kummer placed the veil as Pholiota variicolor in the genus Pholiota in 1871 and Friedrich Otto Wünsche in 1877 as Phlegmacium variecolor in the genus Phlegmacium . There are also numerous heterotypic synonyms. The most important of these is Cortinarius nemorensis (Fr.) JE Lange in the sense of Moser and other authors, while Cortinarius nemorensis in the sense of JE Lange is now synonymous with Cortinarius largus . The Cortinarius largiusculus described by Max Britzelmayr in 1892 is another synonym. The Cortinarius pseudovariecolor Damblon & Lambinon , described in 1959, is also only regarded as a synonym by some authors.

    According to the Checklist of Basidiomycota of Great Britain and Ireland, other synonyms are : Cortinarius crassus in the sense of the British authors and Cortinarius cyanopus , as well as Cortinarius varius in the sense of Cooke .

    meaning

    Although the earthy-smelling slime head is sometimes referred to as edible, even if very inferior, in older mushroom books, today it is largely considered inedible. Mushroom collectors looking for the similar barn owls ( Cortinarius praestans ) should pay attention to the smell. The earthy-smelling Schleimkopf differs through its earthy smell reminiscent of beetroot.

    swell

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ a b Marcel Bon : Parey's book of mushrooms . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp.  208 (English: The mushrooms and tools of Britain and Northwestern Europe . Translated by Till R. Lohmeyer).
    2. ↑ a b c Hans E. Laux: The new cosmos mushroom atlas . 1st edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-07229-0 , pp. 170/4 .
    3. ↑ a b c d Karin Monday: Earthy-smelling Schleimkopf Cortinarius variicolor In the virtual mushroom book. In: Tintling.com. Retrieved October 5, 2015 .
    4. ↑ Rapportsystemet för växter: Cortinarius variicolor. (No longer available online.) In: artportalen.se. Archived from the original on August 15, 2012 ; accessed on October 7, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.artportalen.se
    5. ↑ a b Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Cortinarius variicolor. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved October 7, 2015 .
    6. ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Cortinarius variicolor. Retrieved October 7, 2015 .
    7. ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279-282 ( mycotaxon.com [PDF]).
    8. ↑ Armin Mesic & Zdenko Tkalcec: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia. II. Families Agaricaceae, Amanitaceae, Cortinariaceae and Hygrophoraceae. In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 83, 2002, pp. 453-502 (English, cybertruffle.org.uk ).
    9. ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Cortinarius variicolor. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved October 7, 2015 .
    10. ↑ a b c Worldwide distribution of Cortinarius variicolor. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015 ; accessed on October 7, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
    11. ^ Georgios I. Zervakis et al .: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: II. Macrofungi associated with conifers in the Taygetos Mountain (Peloponnese). In: Mycotaxon . Vol 83 :, 2002, p. 97-126 ( cybertruffle.org.uk ).
    12. ↑ DM Dimou, GI Zervakis & E. Polemis: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: IV. Macrofungi from Abies cephalonica forests and other intermixed tree species (Oxya Mt., central Greece). In: [Mycotaxon] . Vol: 104, 2008, p. 39–42 (English, mycotaxon.com [PDF]).
    13. ^ Cortinarius variicolor. In: grzyby.pl. Retrieved October 7, 2015 .
    14. ↑ Ilkka Kytövuori et al .: Chapter 5.2, Distribution table of agarics and boletes in Finland . ISBN 952-11-1997-7 , pp. 105–225 ( Chapter 5.2, Distribution table of agarics and boletes in Finland [PDF] Original title: Helttasienten ja tattien levinneisyystaulukko .).
    15. ↑ a b Jean-Pierre Prongué, Rudolf Wiederin, Brigitte Wolf: The mushrooms of the Principality of Liechtenstein . In: Natural history research in the Principality of Liechtenstein . tape 21 . Vaduz 2004 ( llv.li [PDF]). llv.li ( Memento of the original from November 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.llv.li
    16. ^ S. Petkovski: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . In: Acta Botanica Croatica . 2009 (English, http://www.protectedareas.mk/Matka/files/Final%20Report%20on%20National%20Catalogue.pdf ( Memento from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed October 7, 2015]). National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.protectedareas.mk
    17. ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Cortinarius variicolor. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved October 7, 2015 .
    18. ^ Cortinarius variicolor / Norwegian Mycology Database. In: nhm2.uio.no / Norwegian Mycology Database. Retrieved October 7, 2015 .
    19. ^ Cortinarius variicolor. Pilzoek database, accessed October 7, 2015 .
    20. ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online. Cortinarius variicolor. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved December 12, 2015 .
    21. ↑ a b Distribution Atlas of Fungi in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved December 12, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsl.ch
    22. ↑ a b c Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed December 12, 2015 .
    23. ↑ Christiaan Henrik Persoon: Synopsis methodica fungorum . sistens enumerationem omnium huc usque detectarum specierum, cum brevibus descriptionibus nec non synonymis et observationibus selectis. Henricum Dieterich, 1801, p. 280 (Latin, bibdigital ).
    24. ↑ Elias Magnus Fries: Systema Mycologicum . Volume I. Ex Officina Berlingiana., Lund & Greifswald 1821, p. 222 (Latin, cybertruffle.org.uk ).
    25. ^ Elias Magnus Fries: Epicrisis systematis mycologici . seu synopsis hymenomycetum. Typographia Academica, Upsala 1838, p. 259 (Latin, 259 online ).
    26. ↑ Paul Kummer: The guide to mushroom science . Instructions for the methodical, easy and safe determination of the fungi occurring in Germany. 2nd Edition. G. Luppe, Hof-Buchhandlung, Zerbst 1882, p. 84 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
    27. ↑ Jakob Emanuel Lange: Flora agaricina Danica. tape 3 . Recato, Copenhagen 1940, p. 21 (English, gallica.bnf.fr ).

    Web links

    Commons : Cortinarius variicolor  - album with pictures, videos and audio files