Ernst Heubach (doll maker)

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Bisque china head doll on a clothed body made of composite material ;
Photograph from the Guildhall Museum's doll collection in Rochester , England

Ernst Heubach (retail) or Heubach Köppelsdorf was in 1887 in Thuringia Köppelsdorf founded porcelain - manufactory .

history

The company was founded in 1887 by Ernst Heubach in Köppelsdorf No. 1. The Köppelsdorfer Porzellanfabrik Ernst Heubach produced dolls heads and arms made of biscuit porcelain , porcelain rollers for roller mills and porcelain articles for electrical engineering needs. After 1910, Ernst Heubach specialized in the design and manufacture of character dolls . This also included the so-called "negro dolls" at the time. Heubach also produced heads for other doll manufacturers such as Adolf Wislizenus, Gebrüder Ohlhaver , Cuno & Otto Dressel or Luge & Co.

After the First World War , Ernst Heubach merged with Armand Marseille in 1919 under the new name United Porcelain Factory of Köppelsdorf or Vereinigte Köppelsdorfer Porzellanfabrik vorm Armand Marseille and Ernst Heubach . The partnership between the two companies ended in 1932.

When the city of Sonneberg was bombed on February 14, 1945, the Heubach company was also affected. On July 31, 1945, the factory owner Ernst Heubach, who had been an NSDAP member since 1937 and also an SS Oberscharführer, was arrested by the Soviet occupying forces in Köppelsdorf . On September 18, 1945 he was sentenced to death on the basis of Ukaz 43 by the Soviet Military Tribunal of the 8th Guard Army for mocking prisoners of war who had to work in his factory . The sentence was carried out by shooting on September 29, 1945 .

In 1951 the company was nationalized and merged with the companies Hering in Köppelsdorf, Rauschert in Hüttensteinach and Bernhardtshütte in Blechhammer to form the United Porcelain Factory Köppelsdorf , from 1954 to 1964 VEB United Porcelain Works Köppelsdorf , then merging with the VEB Keramische Werke Neuhaus-Schierschnitz to form VEB Elektrokeramische Werke Sonneberg .

Markings and mold numbers

Ernst Heubach's early shoulder heads were marked with a horseshoe and the year of production, sometimes with DEP. marked for "Deposeé" (= " trademark ", "legally protected"). In addition, the following form number to the company are assigned : 219, 235, 236, 237, 238, 241, 242, 250, 251, 252, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 266, 267, 268, 269, 271, 274, 275, 276, 281, 282, 283, 284, 289, 291, 292, 300, 301, 302, 312, 313, 317, 320, 321, 323, 334, 339, 340, 341, 342, 344, 345, 348, 349, 350, 399, 400, 406, 407, 414, 418, 427, 437, 438, 439, 444, 445, 448, 450, 451, 452, 458, 459, 463, 471 and 480.

Moreover denunciations with the letters H between figures or a flag known also e . H . and the term Germany as an indication of the Export and D . R . G . M . .

See also

literature

Grave of Ernst Heubach's family in the Köppelsdorf cemetery
  • Jean Bach: International Handbook of Doll Brands. A doll identification book , English original title: The main street dictionary of doll marks , translated by Wolfgang Hartmann, Munich: Laterna Magica, 1989, ISBN 3-87467-389-8 ; P. 59f .; contents
  • Lydia Richter, Karin Schmelcher: Heubach dolls: Gebr. Heubach, Lichte, Ernst Heubach, Köppelsdorf; Character dolls, figurines. Ed. Joachim F. Richter, Laterna Magica, Munich 1989, ISBN 978-3-87467-383-9 , table of contents
  • Jürgen Cieslik , Marianne Cieslik : Cieslik's Lexicon of the German Doll Industry. Brands, data, facts , 2nd, revised edition, Hamburg: Marquardt & Wellhausen; Jülich: Cieslik, 1989, ISBN 978-3-939806-20-2 (Wellhausen & Marquardt) and ISBN 3-921844-20-7 (Cieslik)
  • Dawn Herlocher: Heubach , in: Collectible Dolls , 2008, passim ; Preview over google books
  • Robert MacDowell: The Collector's Digest on German Character Dolls. Hobby House Press, 1986, pp. 44ff. ISBN 978-0875881775

Web links

Commons : Ernst Heubach dolls  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Jean Bach: Internationales Handbuch der Puppenmarken. A doll identification book , English original title: The main street dictionary of doll marks , translated by Wolfgang Hartmann, Munich: Laterna Magica, 1989, ISBN 3-87467-389-8 ; P. 59f.
  2. ↑ a b Address book of the ceramic industry 1906, p. 78; limited preview in Google Book search
  3. ↑ Dawn Herlocher: Heubach , in: Collectible Dolls , 2008, passim ; Preview over google books
  4. ↑ a b Historical outline , sonneberg.de, December 29, 2007, archived on archive.is , October 9, 2013
  5. ↑ Mike Schmeitzner , Andreas Weigelt, Klaus-Dieter Müller, Thomas Schaarschmidt: Death sentences of Soviet military tribunals against Germans (1944-1947): A historical-biographical study. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2015, p. 260 f .; on-line
  6. ^ Robert E. Röntgen: Marks on German, Bohemian and Austrian porcelain: 1710 to the present. Schiffer, Atglen, PA 2007, ISBN 978-0-7643-2521-2 , p. 270; limited preview in Google Book search
  7. ↑ Horst Klengel: Insulators and fittings for insulator chains in overhead power lines. new-ebooks, Dresden 2012, ISBN 978-3-95501-126-0 , p. 579 (CD-ROM); limited preview in Google Book search
  8. ^ Jean Bach: International Handbook of Doll Brands. , Munich 1989, p. 60

Coordinates: 50 ° 21 '35.5 "  N , 11 ° 10' 8.4"  E