Awakening Hungarians
Awakening Hungarians ( Hungarian Ébredő Magyarok Egyesülete ) was a racist , anti-Semitic , right-wing extremist association founded in November 1918 by Gyula Gömbös , Tibor Eckhardt , Pál Prónay , Iván Héjjas u. a. Right-wing Christian socialists and exponents of the Gömbös group were represented in their leadership. The aims of the party were the restoration of the historical borders of the Kingdom of Hungary , the preservation of the "purity of the Hungarian race", the maintenance of the institution of royalty, but under anti-Habsburg auspices.
history
The leading members of the party were active against the communist Hungarian Soviet Republic under Béla Kun of 1919. After the elimination of the Hungarian Soviet Republic in August 1919, the association became a pillar of the counter-revolutionary Horthy regime and participated in its terrorist actions, specifically persecution and abuse and murder of communists, socialists and Jews .
After the consolidation of the Horthy regime, the association was dissolved in 1922 by Prime Minister Count István Bethlen . Some of its leading members joined other extremist parties, such as the Party of Racial Protectors ( Fajvédő Párt ), the Hungarian National Socialist Party and the Arrow Cross ; most members turned away from militant right-wing extremism and became more or less loyal supporters of the Horthy regime.
attacks
The "Awakening Hungarians", who had already drawn attention to themselves by disturbances in the opera and in the national theater in performances in which Jewish artists were involved or which were written by Jewish writers, carried out a bomb attack on the liberal in April 1922 Budapest club Erzsebetvàro si kör , whose members were mainly Jews. Nine people were killed and 23 injured by the bomb. Immediately after the attack, an anti-Jewish demonstration was held near the crime scene. In December 1923, the Awakening Hungarians attacked an event organized by the organization of Jewish women in Csongrád : three women died and 40 people were injured. In July of the same year there were reports from the British Legation in Budapest that the activists were planning to blow up the Budapest synagogue.
(Further reading
- Karl Römer (editor): Lexicon on history and politics in the 20th century (first volume), Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 1971, p. 223
- A határban a Halál kaszál ... (1963)
- Recollections of Tibor Eckhardt. Regicide at Marseille (1964)