Estufa Fria de Lisboa

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View into the Estufa Fria with the Nave event hall (left)

The Estufa Fria de Lisboa ( Portuguese for "cold greenhouse ") is an urban garden with three greenhouses in Parque Eduardo VII in Lisbon . It was created in 1933 from a in a former quarry -scale nursery where ornamental plants for the gardens of the nearby boulevard Avenida da Liberdade were cultivated. It has since been expanded several times.

The garden

Estufa Fria with a sculpture by Leopoldo de Almeida (1966)

The Estufa Fria de Lisboa is primarily a garden that is used for relaxation and sees itself as a tourist facility. There is also a focus on imparting knowledge about botany, sustainability and biological diversity . As in botanical gardens , most of the plants are labeled with their scientific name and their common Portuguese name .

The garden consists of three greenhouses and a smaller outdoor area with a pond. The greenhouses are lavishly designed and show varied landscapes with watercourses, sculptures, staircases and terraces.

In the Estufa Fria there is also the Nave of the Estufa (German: " aisle "), an event hall that is used for occasional cultural events.

Estufa Fria

The Estufa Fria is the historical core of the garden and with 8100 m² the largest of the three greenhouses. The facility is not glazed and is not heated; Due to the location in the south-facing quarry, mild temperatures prevail in winter, which are also ensured in summer by the translucent, shade-giving roof made of slender wooden strips. The terrain extends on different levels and rises sharply in the north, there are small ponds, watercourses and terraces.

The large cold house houses plants that also thrive in protected areas of the city, such as camellias , rhododendrons , ferns , monstera , strelizia . The tree ferns ( Dicksonia antarctica ) deserve special mention .

Estufa Quente

Estufa Quente

The Estufa Quente (dt .: "hot greenhouse") is located on a terrace above the Estufa Fria , it is glazed and offers high temperatures all year round with increased humidity. This greenhouse with an area of ​​around 3000 m² was also built on steeply sloping terrain. Above all, tropical plants such as coffee , mango and bananas grow here .

Estufa Doce

With an area of ​​just 400 m², the Estufa Doce (English: "lovely greenhouse") is the smallest of the greenhouses. It is an extension to the Estufa Quente in the east above the cold house and shows a selection of cacti such as gold ball cactus ( Echinocactus grusonii ) and silver candle cactus ( Cleistocactus strausii ) as well as various succulent plants such as aloes .

history

In the area of ​​the Estufa Fria there was a basalt quarry towards the end of the 19th century , which had been abandoned because water ingress made further economic use impossible. Its protected location was used from 1912 after the construction of the nearby Avenida da Liberdade (1879-1886) to store sensitive exotic ornamental plants before they were used for their green spaces. The First World War interrupted the work and the area overgrown, but the stored plants survived even without care and continued to grow. In 1926, the painter and architect Raul Carapinha became aware of the site and, with the support of Quirino da Fonseca, Vice-President of the city government, developed the project for a public greenhouse. To this end, he expanded and modified an existing greenhouse, which was officially inaugurated as Estufa Fria in 1933 .

In the 1940s, Parque Eduardo VII was extensively redesigned, and the grounds of the Estufa Fria were also affected: the outdoor facilities with the pond and the island as well as a representative entrance area were created. In order to be able to design the Alameda do Parque in the extension of Avenida da Liberdade to the same extent, part of the quarry had to be bridged with an arcade on its eastern edge . In the arcades, the Nave da Estufa Fria de Lisboa (Eng .: " Aisle of the Estufa Fria") was built according to plans by the engineer Edgar Cardoso , which served as a municipal theater until 1974 and is now used for cultural events. In 1947 the greenhouse was added to compensate for the lost space, which was then completely rebuilt in 1949. According to plans by the architect Francisco Keil do Amaral , who is responsible for the entire park , Alberto J. Pessoa and Hernâni Gandra built today's significantly expanded greenhouse.

In the 1970s the Estufa Fria was expanded to include two more greenhouses on terraces in the northwest of the quarry, the Estufa Quente and the Estufa Doce , which opened in 1975. In contrast to the cold house, both houses are glazed and contain tropical and succulent plants .

The Estufa Fria had to be closed in July 2009 because, according to an expert opinion, the roof structure was badly affected by corrosion and could collapse at any time. During the renovation, the entire roof structure of the cold house was renewed, with the Estufa Quente , which was also overhauled , parts of the original structure could still be used. In the course of the work, the cold house now also received side walls facing the park, which, like the roof surfaces, are designed as sun visors made of thin wooden strips. A total of 2.35 million euros was invested and the facility was able to reopen at the end of April 2011.

Web links

Commons : Estufa Fria  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The Mission. Estufa Fria website , accessed on April 30, 2017.
  2. ^ The Greenhouse Nave. Estufia Fria website , accessed April 30, 2017 (English).
  3. ↑ Risco de colapso obriga ao encerramento da Estufa Fria pelo menos por nove meses. Público, May 6, 2009 (Portuguese) ( Memento of September 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ).
  4. ↑ Estufa Fria reabre ao público. Correio da Manhã , April 30, 2011 (Portuguese).

Coordinates: 38 ° 43 '45.4 "  N , 9 ° 9' 19.6"  W.