Euprymna scolopes
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Berry , 1913 |
Euprymna scolopes ( English Hawaiian bobtail squid ) is a small dwarf squid (33 to 35 mm coat length) that is endemic to the Hawaiian coast. It has no internal shell and has two round fins, the base of which is narrower than the length of the fin, which gives it an ear-like appearance.
Way of life
Young and adult animals mainly live in very shallow coastal waters, even where the water is only 2 to 4 cm deep. Adult animals have also been caught with trawls far from the coast at depths of up to 250 meters. Euprymna scolopes is nocturnal and spends the day buried in the sand with only the eyes visible. The animals secrete a sticky secretion, which is used to bind sediment particles to the dorsal part of the body, the "back", and thus to ensure perfect camouflage. Its lifespan is very short. The animals reach sexual maturity at the age of two months and live to be around one year - an exact lifespan has not yet been determined. Like other cephalopods, they only reproduce once in their lifespan. The eggs have a diameter of 2 mm and are laid on the underside of corals. There is no larval stage, the hatchlings look like the adults, only much smaller. They grow very quickly and feed on the yolk they have ingested for the first few days.
In its natural habitat, Euprymna scolopes feeds primarily on shrimp , animals kept in laboratories also preyed on Artemia , hover shrimp and gambus , among others . Euprymna scolopes itself is eaten by the Hawaiian monk seal ( Monachus schauinslandi ).
Bioluminescence
Euprymna scolopes lives in symbiosis with the bioluminescent bacterial species Aliivibrio fischeri . Young animals are still without symbiotic bacteria. They are taken from the surrounding sea water and with a flicker epithelium in a bilobar luminous organ spent. The entire skin surface of the dwarf squid is colonized by this luminous organ. In this way, Euprymna scolopes emits light at night and is not recognized as prey in the moonlight by producing a counter- shadow.
Individual evidence
- ^ GD Goodman-Lowe: Diet of the Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) from the Northwestern Hawaiian islands during 1991 to 1994 . In: Marine Biology . tape 132 , no. 3 , October 1998, p. 535-546 , doi : 10.1007 / s002270050419 ( PDF ).
- ^ RE Young, CF Roper: Bioluminescent countershading in midwater animals: evidence from living squid . In: Science . tape 191 , no. 4231 , March 12, 1976, p. 1046-1048 , doi : 10.1126 / science.1251214 ( PDF ).
swell
- Jereb, P. & Roper, CFE Cephalopods of the World - an annotated and illustrated catalog of cephalopod species known to date. Volume 1 - Chambered Nautiluses and Sepioids. Food and agriculture organization of the united nations, Rome 2005, ISBN 92-5-105383-9
- Shears J. (1988) The use of a sand-coat in relation to feeding and diel activity in the sepiolid squid Euprymna scolopes. Malacologia (1988), 29 (1): pp 121-133
- Arnold, JM, CT Singley & LD Williams-Arnold (1972). Embryonic Development and Post-Hatching Survival of the Sepiolid Squid Euprymna scolopes under Laboratory conditions. The Veliger 14 (4): pp. 361-364.
- Kerbl A. et al. (2013). Micro-CT in cephalopod research: Investigating the internal anatomy of a sepiolid squid using a non-destructive technique with special focus on the ganglionic system. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 447 (2013): pp 140-148
- Lee, PN, P. Callaerts & HG de Couet (2009b). The embryonic development of the Hawaiian bobtail squid (Euprymna scolopes). Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2009 (11): pdb ip77.
- Arnold, JM, CT Singley & LD Williams-Arnold (1972). Embryonic Development and Post-Hatching Survival of the Sepiolid Squid Euprymna scolopes under Laboratory conditions. The Veliger 14 (4): pp. 361-364.
Web links
- Euprymna scolopes inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013.1. Listed by: Barratt, I. & Allcock, L., 2009. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
- The Cephalopod Page: Euprymna scolopes , Hawaiian bobtail squid
- Bioluminescence in Squid: Euprymna scolopes ( page no longer available , search in web archives )