Aliivibrio fischeri
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Aliivibrio fischeri |
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| Aliivibrio fischeri | ||||||||||||
| ( Beijerinck 1889) Urbanczyk et al. 2007 |
Aliivibrio fischeri (formerly Bacillus fischeri , synonymous "native luminescent bacillus ") wasdescribedby Martinus Willem Beijerinck in 1889and is a gram-negative bacterium that lives in the world's oceans. In 2007 the species Vibrio fischeri and other species of the genus Vibrio were reclassified andassigned tothe genus Aliivibrio on the basis of genetic data. It lives facultatively anaerobically and has flagella , with the help of which it is able to move. It is also bioluminescent and often lives in symbiosis with other living things. Its genome has been completely sequenced .
Occurrence
A. fischeri occurs in low concentrations in all oceans, but is particularly widespread in symbiosis with other marine life such as herring or squid . The example of the squid Euprymna scolopes shows one facet of possible symbiosis: E. scolopes only lives in shallow waters off Hawaii and hunts there at night. In the shallow water it would quickly become the prey of predators, as it would leave a dark, quickly perceptible stain on the surface of the water, which was brightly illuminated by the moon. But through its symbionts, it emits light itself and creates a homogeneously illuminated surface from which it does not stand out, i.e. camouflages itself almost perfectly.
toxicity
In A. fischeri , the production of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a strong neurotoxin , has also been demonstrated. A tetrodotoxin-producing strain could be isolated from the puffer fish Fugu vermicularis radiatus .
use
A. fischeri is used in the investigation of water quality. According to EN ISO 11348, wastewater samples are mixed with NaCl , then inoculated with a low concentration of luminous bacteria and their luminous intensity is measured. After 30 minutes of incubation at 15 ° C., the measurement of the light intensity is repeated. The difference in luminosity provides information about the water quality , as the luminous bacteria adjust their rate of reproduction and luminosity to the water quality. In contrast to the classic daphnia test , the procedure is not tested on animals .
Individual evidence
- ^ Taxonomy of the species Aliivibrio fischeri (Beijerinck 1889) Urbanczyk et al. 2007 . doi : 10.1601 / tx.11550 .
- ↑ Henryk Urbanczyk, Jennifer C. Branch, Melissa J. Higgins, Jeremy Carson, Paul V. Dunlap: Reclassification of Vibrio fischeri , Vibrio logei , Vibrio salmonicida and Vibrio wodanis as aliivibrio fischeri . Gen. Nov, comb. nov., Aliivibrio logei comb. nov., Aliivibrio salmonicida comb. nov. and Aliivibrio wodanis comb. nov . In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology . tape 57 , 2007, p. 2823-2829 , doi : 10.1099 / ijs.0.65081-0 .
- ↑ EG Ruby, M. Urbanowski, J. Campbell, A. Dunn, M. Faini, R. Gunsalus, P. Lostroh, C. Lupp, J. McCann, D. Millikan, A. Schaefer, E. Stabb, A. Stevens, K. Visick, C. Whistler, EP Greenberg: Complete genome sequence of Vibrio fischeri: A symbiotic bacterium with pathogenic congeners . In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . tape 102 , no. 8 , 2005, ISSN 0027-8424 , p. 3004-3009 , doi : 10.1073 / pnas.0409900102 , PMID 15703294 .
- ^ Karen A. Cloud-Hansen, S. Brook Peterson, Eric V. Stabb, William E. Goldman, Margaret J. McFall-Ngai: Breaching the great wall: peptidoglycan and microbial interactions . In: Nature Reviews Microbiology . tape 4 , no. 9 , ISSN 1740-1534 , p. 710-716 , doi : 10.1038 / nrmicro1486 .
- ↑ U. Simidu, T. Noguchi, DF Hwang, Y. Shida, K. Hashimoto: Marine bacteria which produce tetrodotoxin. In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 53, 1987, pp. 1714-1715.
- ↑ Myoung-Ja Lee, Dong-Youn Jeong, Woo-Seong Kim, Hyun-Dae Kim, Cheorl-Ho Kim: A Tetrodotoxin-Producing Vibrio Strain, LM-1, from the Puffer Fish Fugu vermicularis radiatus . In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology . tape 66 , no. 4 , April 1, 2000, ISSN 0099-2240 , p. 1698-1701 , doi : 10.1128 / aem.66.4.1698-1701.2000 , PMID 10742263 .
- ↑ Institute for Hygiene and Environment : Biotest Procedure Luminous Bacteria Test , Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
- ^ Corina Gericke: Research without animal suffering , Doctors against Tierversuche eV May 2010.
Web links
- Aliivibrio fischeri DSM No. 507, type strain. In: Website of the Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH . Retrieved August 26, 2014 .