Euro emergency call

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European emergency number (logo within the EU)
Operations control center in Krakow , Poland

The euro emergency is a royalty-free, cross-national European emergency call system available under the telephone number 112 is reachable.

functionality

Under the number 112 is a control center to reach the relevant organizations, depending on the emergency such as fire brigade , ambulance service or police alarmed. The control centers should be able to process emergency calls in different languages.

In the case of an emergency call, the dispatcher is always shown the telephone number of the caller, even if the caller has set the telephone to suppress the display of the number. The technical procedure for this is implemented by a switching service feature called CLIRO .

countries

Euro emergency call logo on a vehicle of the Stuttgart fire brigade
The then President of the European Parliament, Martin Schulz , promotes the pan-European emergency number 112 (March 6, 2013)
European emergency number 112 clearly visible on the front and side of a German ambulance

In Europe, the European emergency number 112 is valid in the European Union , Andorra , Faroe Islands , Iceland , Liechtenstein , Norway , San Marino , Switzerland , Turkey , Vatican City , Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Russia . The emergency number is also used in some Asian countries such as Israel or Kazakhstan and African countries such as Zimbabwe and partly in South Africa . In Canada and the United States , dialing 112 routes the call to the emergency number 9-1-1 of the North American Numbering Plan . Some Latin American countries also know 112, for example Costa Rica . It is also used in countries in the Pacific region, such as Australia, New Zealand, and Vanuatu.

In addition to the Euro emergency number, national emergency numbers can still be valid. In Austria, for example, 112 is a forwarding to the police emergency number (133), whereby the fire brigade emergency number (122) and the rescue emergency number (144) continue to be used in this way.

Special features when using mobile phones

In the beginning, the European emergency number 112 could usually be dialed on a mobile phone without an inserted SIM card , entering the PIN code or unlocking the key lock . While it is still possible in Austria, for example, a SIM card must be inserted for this function due to frequent misuse of emergency calls in the GSM networks of Belgium , Bulgaria , Germany , Croatia , France , Romania , Switzerland , Slovenia and Great Britain . In Germany, the regulation on emergency calls has made it impossible to make emergency calls without an operational SIM card since July 1, 2009. If the mobile phone has no reception in the network of its own SIM card, it is automatically transferred via an external network. Such an emergency call has priority in the cellular network ; if necessary, another connection is disconnected. This prioritization usually does not apply to other emergency numbers, such as the police number 110 in Germany.

112 is a system component of the GSM specification and can be used as an emergency number on all GSM / UMTS / LTE cell phones worldwide.

Awareness of the emergency number 112 as a Europe-wide emergency number

The European Parliament already determined in 2007 that the European emergency number 112 was far too little known as the Europe-wide valid emergency number and therefore asked to make the advantages of the uniform emergency number more visible. This finding was confirmed by the Eurobarometer on the European emergency number 112, which has been compiled regularly since 2008 : In the EU average in 2008, only 22% of the population knew that 112 was valid across the EU. In Germany this was only 12%. The low awareness of the Europe-wide validity of the 112 was confirmed in 2009 (EU average 24%, Germany 16%) and 2010 (EU average 25%, Germany 18%) with a small absolute increase. Awareness as an EU-wide emergency number increased to an EU average of 27% by February 2013 and was 17% in Germany. In 2013, Germany was fourth from bottom in the EU, ahead of Great Britain (13%), Greece (7%) and Italy (5%). Awareness as an EU-wide emergency number is highest in Poland (57%), Slovakia (55%) and Finland (54%). In Austria it is more than twice as high (37%) as in Germany.

European 112 Day

On February 11, 2009, the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union and the European Commission jointly decided to introduce an annual "European 112 Day " to make the European emergency number better known. The Euronotruftag was due to the emergency number contained in the date on 11.2. (February 11th). Due to the declaration of the European Parliament on the European emergency number 112 of September 25, 2007, the first day of the Europe-wide emergency call was already celebrated on February 11, 2008 in Stuttgart by various (rescue) organizations.

The common emergency number has a multiple integrating function. It brings the rescue organizations (rescue services, fire brigades, police rescue) together - in Germany in integrated control centers. As a common emergency number, it also connects all rescue organizations in the EU and is a symbol of the culture of helping there. The increasing popularity of the European emergency number as a common emergency number makes 112 a symbol for the European Union. The Euronotruftag can also contribute to this.

Automatic caller location

The Directive 2018/1972 passed by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union describes a call location based on the US model of the E911 when dialing the emergency number 112. With it, the member states are obliged to ensure that the control center provides information about the caller's location of the emergency caller become. The regulation explicitly states "information obtained from the mobile device on the location of the caller". This means the satellite-supported positioning of the smartphone or the motor vehicle, which is implemented using the open-source standard Advanced Mobile Location . However, GSM localization can also be considered, which is, however, imprecise and error-prone due to technical limits.

history

The introduction of the 112 emergency number was decided by the EU Council of Ministers on a proposal by the European Commission in 1991 and has since been consolidated in two further legislative processes by the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers. Many countries outside the EU have now adopted this concept.

In Germany, the European emergency number is regulated by law in Section 108 of the Telecommunications Act, in Austria in Sections 17–22 of the KEM-V , where it is generally directed to police stations.

abuse

As with other emergency numbers, deliberate misuse of the Euro emergency number is punishable in most European countries, cf. Misuse of emergency calls and impairment of accident prevention and emergency aids and emergency number # abuse .

Problems near the border

In the vicinity of the border, using a mobile phone may result in the emergency call being connected to the neighboring country. According to the newspaper report by the Passauer Neue Presse, the European emergency number was chosen in 2019 in Neuburg am Inn due to an accident at work, but the connection was made to the Austrian police, which had declared that they were not responsible and could not connect to the headquarters in Passau .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ §4 of the regulation on emergency calls (laws on the Internet)
  2. ↑ Michael Kerzel: In the event of a fire in Bulgaria or a traffic accident in the Vatican. (No longer available online.) In: Diplomatisches Magazin . February 2012, archived from the original on June 16, 2018 ; accessed on April 13, 2018 .
  3. ↑ Emergency calls in Europe . Reutlingen Fire Brigade; accessed on October 27, 2016
  4. ↑ Important addresses in Russia . rastlos.com; Retrieved July 4, 2013
  5. ↑ Important addresses in Kazakhstan . rastlos.com; Retrieved July 4, 2013
  6. ↑ Emergency calls to get help . Lower Austrian Civil Defense Association; Retrieved July 10, 2016.
  7. ↑ Emergency calls on the website of Rundfunk und Telekom Regulierungs-GmbH, accessed on June 21, 2019
  8. ↑ Ordinance on emergency calls (laws on the Internet)
  9. ↑ Soon there will be no more mobile phone emergency calls without a SIM card . Golem.de, February 13, 2009
  10. ↑ Communicate in the dark - telephone and internet in the event of a power failure . In: c't , 9/08
  11. ↑ Declaration by the European Parliament on the European emergency number 112, dated September 25, 2007
  12. ↑ Flash Eurobarometer No. 228, The European Emergency Number 112 - Summary, February 11, 2008, p. 12 (PDF; 699 kB)
  13. ↑ Flash Eurobarometer No. 262, The European Emergency Number 112 - Summary, February 11, 2009, p. 11 (PDF; 560 kB)
  14. ↑ Flash Eurobarometer No. 285, The European Emergency Number 112 - Analytical report, February 11, 2010, p. 29 (PDF; 6.5 MB)
  15. ↑ Flash Eurobarometer No. 368, The European Emergency Number 112 - Summary, February 11, 2013, p. 7
  16. ↑ Joint Tripartite Declaration establishing a "European 112 Day". (PDF)
  17. ↑ Declaration by the European Parliament on the European emergency number 112
  18. ↑ a b Directive (EU) 2018/1972 of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 11, 2018 on the European code for electronic communications , accessed on July 10, 2019
  19. ↑ 91/396 / EEC: Council decision of July 29, 1991 on the introduction of a uniform European emergency number
  20. ↑ European emergency number 112 on the ÖZV website accessed on February 10, 2019
  21. ↑ Hoax Calls to 112 are a waste of the time and money of the emergency operators and can also be dangerous and a criminal offense in most countries. in: EU: Digital Single Market: Policy 112.Retrieved on March 23, 2019
  22. ^ Tanja Rometta: When the emergency call lands in the neighboring country. Retrieved December 18, 2019 .