City of exiles
Cities of exile , sometimes also called cities of exile, are founded by and / or for exiles (religious refugees) as a result of the Reformation and confessionalization in the early modern period. There were several waves of founding between the 16th and 18th centuries. In addition to the creation of new towns as city extensions to existing settlements, there were also complete new settlements.
background
The background was the flight of Protestant population groups after the implementation of the Counter Reformation in territories of Catholic rulers. Supporters of the Bohemian Brothers, for example, settled in parts of Silesia and Poland. Protestants from Flanders often fled to the Lower Rhine region and northern Germany. French Huguenots came to Central Germany via the Rhineland.
City type
The exile cities in the narrower sense emerged exclusively on the territory of Protestant princes. They were often founded as ideal cities according to a fixed plan and their residents were given special privileges. The new cities were often named after the prince who promoted their founding. Karlshafen, for example, was named after Landgrave Karl . Other city names reflected the joy of safe refuge (for example Glückstadt or Freudenstadt).
In some refugee settlements, special refugee churches were also built.
Examples
An example of an exile town is Karlshafen . The city was founded in 1699 for Huguenots who fled France . Neu-Isenburg was founded at the same time . Glückstadt was built as an exile, port and fortress town since 1616. Another such city is Freudenstadt . This was created in 1599 as a refuge for Protestant religious refugees from Styria and Carinthia . In 1654, Elector Johann Georg I of Saxony approved the establishment of Johanngeorgenstadt - directly on the Saxon border in the Schwarzenberg district - by Bohemian exiles who had been expelled from the mountain town of Platten and the surrounding area. He determined that the new city should bear his name. The small Electoral Saxon town of Neu-Salza, today Neusalza-Spremberg , is one of them, which was established under the landlord Christoph Friedrich von Salza on his Spremberg estate since it was founded in 1670 as a city of exiles for Protestant religious refugees from Bohemia , Moravia , Silesia and Hungary .
Krefeld has Mennonites offered from the Netherlands new life opportunities and received privileges for silk production. The city plan was based on an orthogonal grid.
Further examples are Altona , Neu-Isenburg , Friedrichsdorf or the Neustadt of Hanau .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bernd Roeck: The world and culture of the bourgeoisie in the early modern period . Munich 1991, p. 9
- ↑ Hildegard Schötteler-von Brand: City building and urban planning history . Stuttgart 2008, p. 70
literature
- Heinz Heineberg : urban geography . Paderborn, 2006, ISBN 978-3-506-75708-1 , p. 209
- Lutz Mohr : Neusalza-Spremberg - A journey through time 1242-2017 . Author and publishing service Frank Nürnberger ( Oberlausitzer Verlag ), Spitzkunnersdorf 2017, ISBN 978-3-9818434-0-8