Eyâlet Silistra
.png)
The Eyâlet Silistria ( Turkish Silistre Eyaleti ) was a province of the Ottoman Empire .
For a quarter of a millennium it encompassed not only the north and east of today's Bulgaria , but also areas of four other states: the Romanian Dobrudscha and the Ukrainian regions Budschak (southern Bessarabia to Bendery , Moldova ) and Jedisan (southern Transnistria from Odessa to Balta ), i.e. . H. almost the entire Black Sea coast between Istanbul and the Crimean Khanate , ruled by the Ottoman Turks , including all coastal cities between Varna and Ochakiv .
The administrative center was Silistra , the most important Ottoman fortress on the Danube and a city that flourished under the Ottomans. The Bulgarian cities of Silistra, Rustschuk (Ruse), Shumen and Varna formed a mighty fortress square.
Establishment
First was in 1388 or 1393/1416 from the subjugated Bulgarian Dobrogea -Fürstentum Kavarna ( Despotate Dobrogea ), a Sandzak formed and around the present-day Bulgarian oblasts (districts) Silistra and Dobrich been extended. There were also the Wallachian enclaves Giurgiu and Brăila .
Two hundred years later, in 1599, the province was expanded to include the Dobrudscha, Budschak and Burgas , converted into a greater province and placed under a Crimean Tatar governor. Strictly speaking, the Sanjak Silistra were incorporated into the Eyâlet Özü (Otschakiv) created against the Russian-Ukrainian and Polish Cossacks . Together, Turks , Tatars and Nogai people made up a narrow Muslim majority compared to Christian Orthodox Bulgarians, Romanians and Ukrainians.
Reorganization
After the Cossacks plundered the coastal cities down to the gates of Istanbul in the 17th century , the Eyâlet was also enlarged to include Jedisans. After a reorganization, however, today's oblasts of Russe , Targovishte , Razgrad and Shumen were spun off and placed under the Eyâlet Rumelien . Around 1700 the Eyâlet Silistra only comprised Dobrich, Silistra, Dobrudscha, Budschak and Jedisan - but Ochakov and Jedisan fell to Russia as a result of the Turkish Wars in 1792.
After the loss of Bessarabia in 1812, Silistria was reorganized in the 19th century, the Bulgarian cities of Plovdiv , Burgas, Varna and Vidin as well as the Turkish Edirne were added instead of the lost territories . Braila and Giurgiu were lost in 1829, Edirne was spun off again in 1830.
resolution
As part of the reforms in the Ottoman Empire, the Eyâlet was reorganized in 1864, replaced by the Vilayet Tuna (Bulgaria north of the Balkan Mountains and including the Serbian Niš , the first Wali was Midhat Pasha ) and finally Rumelia was subordinated, but the Turkish rule over the Dobruja and Bulgaria ended as early as 1878, in 1885 also the one over Eastern Rumelia (Bulgaria south of the Balkan Mountains).
See also
literature
- Andreas Birken : The provinces of the Ottoman Empire (supplements to the TAVO). Wiesbaden 1976.
Individual evidence
- ↑ p. 274 in Turkey: A Country and 9000 Years of History , by Michael Neumann-Adrian u. Christoph K. Neumann: 19th century: " vilâyets , which comprised smaller sancaks , replaced the old eyalet system."