Färber's notch
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Färber's nip ( Serratula tinctoria ) |
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The dyer's sip ( Serratula tinctoria ) is a species of plant that belongs to the subfamily Carduoideae in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). It was previously used as a dye plant , with the dye serratulin mainly found in the leaf . The color produced was the so-called "loose yellow".
description
The Färber-Scharte grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches a height of between 30 and 100 centimeters. It is bare and branched in the upper part. The lower leaf blades are ovate to lanceolate and stalked, the higher ones with short or non-stalked stalks and pinnate, usually with a larger end section. The leaf margin is sharply serrated.
The cup-shaped inflorescences are often together in an umbel-like, flattened, panicle-like overall inflorescence . The bell-shaped shell is cylindrical and around 15 millimeters long and 8 millimeters wide. The lanceolate bracts are green, but often tinged with purple, and usually with a blackish spike tip; There are no appendages. Each flower head contains only tubular flowers . The röhrig fused petals are purple, rarely white. The flowering period extends from July to September.
The chromosome number is 2n = 22 for the two subspecies Serratula tinctoria subsp. tinctoria and Serratula tinctoria subsp. monticola .
Occurrence and endangerment status
The Färber-Scharte is widespread from northern Spain to Siberia, on partially shaded to partially sunny locations on moor meadows, in open forests and on tall herbaceous areas with poor soils . It thrives on moist-alternately dry, moderately nutrient-rich, base-rich, moderately acidic to mild, musty-humic, medium to deep loam or clay soils, also on peat. It is a character species of the Molinion association, but also occurs in alternately dry societies of the Mesobromion, Violion, Carpinion or Potentillo-Quercion petraeae associations.
The subspecies tinctoria is predominantly widespread in German-speaking countries . The subspecies monticola is only native to Switzerland (Alps), it was mistakenly given several times for Germany. The nominated form is considered "endangered" in Germany.
Systematics
The Färber-Scharte was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . A distinction is made between three subspecies, but the taxonomic evaluation of the subspecies monticola is controversial:
- Common Färber-Scharte ( Serratula tinctoria subsp. Tinctoria ): The plants reach a height of up to 100 cm. The 5 to 8 mm thick flower heads are not brought closer to each other. The outer bracts are narrower than 2 mm. This subspecies is common in Euro-Siberia and is associated with Polei mint , God's grace herb , summer knot flower , Clematis integrifolia . It inhabits open forests as well as reed and wet meadows of the colline to montane level.
- Large-headed dyer's notch ( Serratula tinctoria subsp. Monticola (Boreau) Berher , Syn .: Serratula tinctoria subsp. Macrocephala (Bertol.) Wilczek & Schinz ): The plants rarely exceed a height of 40 cm. The 6 to 12 mm thick flower heads are often brought closer together. The outer bracts are 2 to 2.5 mm long. This subspecies is widespread in Central and Southeastern Europe and occurs in sunny locations in open forests or on mountain slopes of the subalpine, sometimes alpine level.
- Serratula tinctoria subsp. seoanei (arbitrary) M. Laínz : This subspecies occurs on the Iberian Peninsula and in France.
swell
- Dagmar Lange: Serratula . In: Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 6 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Valerianaceae to Asteraceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3343-1 , p. 269-272 .
- Hans Simon (Ed.): The free-range ornamental shrubs. Manual and lexicon of garden perennials . Founded by Leo Jelitto, Wilhelm Schacht. 5th completely revised edition. tape 2 : I-Z . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3265-6 , pp. 857 .
- Färber's notch. In: FloraWeb.de. , Serratula tinctoria subsp. tinctoria
- Färber's notch. In: FloraWeb.de. , Serratula tinctoria subsp. monticola (as Serratula tinctoria subsp. macrocephala )
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 968 .
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae 1753, p. 816, digitized
- ↑ a b c Werner Greuter : Serratula tinctoria . In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae . Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity . Berlin 2006–2009.
Web links
- Serratula tinctoria L., Färber's notch. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Färber's notch . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Serratula tinctoria L. s. st. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Serratula tinctoria subsp. monticola . In: Info Flora (the national data and information center for Swiss flora).
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants. 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 at Den virtuella floran. (swed.)
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
