Farid Zeineddine

Farid Omar Zaki Zeineddine ( Arabic فريد زين الدين, DMG Farīd Zain ad-Dīn ; * 1907 in the Lebanon Mountains ; † January 17, 1973 ) was a Syrian diplomat .

Life

The family of Farid ibn Mohamed ibn Hasan Zeineddine belonged to the Druze religious community . Zeineddine officially converted to Sunni Islam, was counted among the Druze for posts that were filled according to religious proportionality, and as such held unusually high-ranking positions, especially since religious prejudices defamed Druze as traditionally unreliable.

In 1925 he earned his bachelor's degree at the American University of Beirut , received his doctorate in law from the Sorbonne in 1932 and studied at the University of Berlin . He then taught business administration at the American University of Beirut.

League of National Action

In 1929, Zeineddine decided with Darwisch Miqdadi (1897–1961) to found a modern party which turned against the colonization of the Arab East by the Europeans. With Shukri al-Quwatli , he was involved in founding the Arab Liberation Society. During the League of Nations mandate for Syria and Lebanon , there was political decision-making in Dīwāns , which were held in Madāfa (guest house) or Salāmlik (reception hall) of the wealthy landowner bureaucracy and traders. In August 1933, Zayn, Darwish Miqdadi and about 50 others founded the League of National Action in Quara'il in the Lebanese mountains.

The political establishment in Syria at that time was dominated by landowners and politicians trained in the Ottoman Empire . Zeineddine was involved in this league, which also included Sabri al-Asali , Zaki al-Arsuzi , Munir al-Adschlani and Constantin Zureik . It gained a certain popularity in 1933, but it ended with the death of the charismatic leader Abdul Razzaq al-Dandaschi (1899-1935).

Career

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Zeineddine was a university professor in Iraq from 1933 to 1935 , and until 1936 he worked as a lawyer in Syria. In 1937 he joined the foreign service, where he headed the politics department until 1938. In 1939 he left the foreign service when Syria could not prevent the annexation of the Sanjak Alexandretta ( İskenderun ) by Turkey , for which he made Prime Minister Jamil Mardam Bey responsible.

Zeineddine became a supporter of Shukri al-Quwatli, who became President of Syria in 1943. From April 25, 1945 to June 26, 1945, Zeineddine was a member of the Syrian delegation at the San Francisco Conference and negotiated in the UN Security Council from 1945 to 1946 on the withdrawal of foreign (French) troops from Syria. When Syria gained independence in 1946, Zeineddine became Secretary General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (de facto Minister). From 1947 to 1951 he was ambassador to Moscow . In 1949, on behalf of President Haschim al-Atassi, he negotiated plans for the integration of Syria and Iraq with Crown Prince Abd al-Illah in Baghdad - a project (" Unity of the Euphrates Valley ") which, due to the short life of the Syrian governments, never went through the planning phase got out. From 1951 to 1953 he represented the Syrian government at the UN headquarters .

From 1952 to 1958 he represented the Syrian government in Washington, DC At the same time he was accredited to the government in Mexico City . After the Suez Crisis in August 1957, the CIA failed in Operation Strangle , a conspiracy against Shukri al-Quwatli, who had good relations with the Soviet Union . As a result, the Eisenhower government expelled two employees from the Syrian embassy in Washington, whereupon the government of al-Quwatli Zeineddine recalled Washington. After the merger of Syria with Egypt to form the United Arab Republic , he represented the Union from 1958 to 1959 in Bonn as ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany.

After the breakup of the Union, he conspired with a group of politicians from 1961 to 1963 to re-establish the United Arab Republic. He traveled to Cairo , held talks with Gamal Abdel Nasser and allied himself with dissatisfied officers of the Syrian armed forces . In March 1962 he drafted the political concept for a coup that overturned President Nazem Koudsi , Parliament speaker al-Kuzbarun and Prime Minister Maarouf al-Dawalibi . Militarily, the coup was led by Colonel Abd al-Karim al-Nehlawi, who expected the company to increase his power. A few days later, the chief of staff, Abdul Karim Zahr al-Din, led a counter-coup carried out by officers who wanted to maintain the balance of power that had emerged after the failure of the United Arab Republic.

Zeineddine arranged a coup for the first week of March 1963 with Abdul Karim Zahr al-Din, who, like him, belonged to the Druze religious community. On March 8, the Ba'ath Party's military committee carried out a successful conspiracy and removed both men from their offices . Farid Zeineddine was one of the founders of the Banque Centrale de Syrie .

Works

• Le Régime du Contrôle des Mandats Internationaux. (1933)
• National Movements for Liberty and Union in 19th-Century in Europe. (1935)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Thomas Philipp, Birgit Schäbler (Ed.): The Syrian Land: Processes of Integration and Fragmentation. in the Google book search (Bilād Al-Shām from the 18th to the 20th century) Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-515-07309-4 , p. 388.
2. ^ Albert H. Hourani, Phillip Khoury, Mary Wilson (eds.): The Modern Middle East. in the Google book search University of California Press, Berkeley / Los Angeles 1993, ISBN 0-520-08241-9 , p. 438 fn. 20 in the Google book search
3. ↑ Syria's Ambassador to the US Farid Zayn al-Din - Washington 1956. Photo by Zeineddine on: syrianhistory.com
4. ↑ Zahr al-Din, Abd al-Karim. In: Sami M. Moubayed: Steel & Silk. Men & Women Who Shaped Syria 1900-2000. Cune, Seattle 2006, ISBN 1-885942-41-9 , p. 96. in the Google book search
5. ↑ Sami M. Moubayed: Steel & Silk. Men & Women Who Shaped Syria 1900-2000. in the Google book search Cune, Seattle 2006, ISBN 1-885942-41-9 , p. 420.

predecessor	Office	successor
	Syrian ambassador in Moscow from 1947 to 1951	Salah El Dine Tarazi
Faris al-Churi	Syrian Ambassador to the United Nations 1951 to 1953	Rafik Ascha
Faiz al-Churi	Syrian Ambassador to Washington, DC 1952 to 1958	Omar Abu Risha
Ibrahim al-Istiwani Ahmed Galal Eddine Abdel Razek	Ambassador of the United Arab Republic in Bonn from 1958 to 1962	Ibrahim al-Istiwani Ibrahim Sabri