Faustino Espinoza Navarro

Faustino Espinoza Navarro (born December 15, 1905 in Cusco , Peru , † January 15, 2000 there ) was a Peruvian actor , poet and playwright . As the re-founder of the Inti Raymi in Cusco and co-founder of the Academia de la Lengua Quechua , he wrote his literary texts in Cusco-Quechua .

Life

Faustino Espinoza grew up as the son of the owner of a small finca near Cusco. His parents spoke Spanish to him, but he learned Quechua as a second language from other children, so he said he could speak it like a mother tongue. In addition, through his father and his own studies, he also learned Qhapaq simi , a sociolect of Cusco-Quechua that was " cleaned up " of Spanish loanwords and used in plays and poems.

Together with Humberto Vidal Unda , Faustino Espinoza Navarro reconstructed the Inti Raymi of Cusco on the basis of descriptions in the Comentarios Reales des Inca Garcilaso de la Vega (1612) and created the first stage manuscript with the role of the Inca and the remaining dialogues in full on Qhapaq simi . On June 24, 1944, the Inti Raymi was premiered in front of the ruins of the Saksaywaman fortress near Cusco, with Espinoza taking on the role of Inca. In this way he received recognition in Cusco as an intellectual and cultural authority. The Inti Raymi has been performed in Cusco every year on June 24th ever since. Espinoza played the Inca for the first 14 years, but in 1958, at the instigation of the academic elite, he was replaced by Ricardo Castro Pinto , who until then had played the role of Willaq Umu .

In 1953, Faustino Espinoza founded the Academia de la Lengua Quechua (today Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua ) with other authors who wrote in Qhapaq simi , the statutes of which were adopted in January 1954, and from then on worked as a Quechua teacher. He was chairman of the academy from 1963 to 1965 and from 1976 to 1980. In 1973 he began to publish the magazine Inka Rimay ("Inka language", meant the Qhapaq simi ), and in 1982 he planned an "international unified Quechua grammar ".

Faustino Espinoza wrote 40 books in Quechua, but not all of them were published. In his books Qosqo (1963) and Machu Pikchu (1978) he edited more than 100 Quechua poems . In 1984 he received the medal of the city of Cusco.

family

Faustino Espinoza was married to Julia Farfán, with whom he had a daughter, Flor.

Works

• Espinoza Navarro, Faustino (1956): Vocabulario trilingue: español-qheshwa (Quechua) -ingles: con un apéndice de aforismos en lengua inkayka . HG Rozas, Cusco.
• Espinoza Navarro, Faustino (1963): Qosqo: poemas del inka . Ediciones Inka-Rimay, Cusco.
• Espinoza Navarro, Faustino (1977): Guión para la escenificación del Inti Raymi en la ciudad sagrada de los Inkas . Editorial Garcilaso, Cusco.
• Espinoza Navarro, Faustino (1978): Machu Pikchu: poemas del Inka . Wiraqocha Biblioteca, Cusco.
• Espinoza Navarro, Faustino (1985): Breve historia de la Academia Peruana de la Lengua Quechua . En: Inca Rimay. Órgano de la Academia Peruana de la Lengua Quechua, 25-33. Academia Peruana de la Lengua Quechua, Cusco.
• Espinoza Navarro, Faustino (1999): Manual para aprender quechua del Cusco . Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua, Cusco.
• Espinoza Navarro, Faustino (2000): Inka yachaykuna [Sapiencia inka]. Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua, Cusco.
• Moya Loayza, Gustavo y Faustino Espinoza Navarro (1983): Guía turística, circuito Cusco P'isaq Intiwatana . Cusco.

Individual evidence

1. ^ ^{A b} Nancy H. Hornberger (1997): Quechua Literacy and Empowerment in Peru. En: Nancy H. Hornberger (ed.): Indigenous Literacies in the Americas: Language Planning from the Bottom up. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1997, pp. 215-236. 3.1. Three cases of functional Quechua literacy. Interviews recorded in 1987. Faustino Espinoza Navarro, 222-224.
2. ↑ ^{a b} Marisol de la Cadena (2000): Indigenous Mestizos. The Politics of Race and Culture in Cuzco, Peru, 1919-1991. Duke University Press, 2000, pp. 163, 172.
3. ^ Inka Rimay 1985, pp. 56-65.
4. ^ Inka Rimay 1985, pp. 46-47, 84.