Holiday Christ
The holiday Christ (in Italian : Christo della Domenica 'Sunday Christ ') is an image representation of Jesus Christ that was used in churches in the late Middle Ages as a memorial to remind the believers in allegorical form to keep Sunday and church holidays holy.
description
In the representations, Jesus Christ was depicted with a large number of objects, mostly tools, as attributes of daily work, the use of which on Sundays and holidays, according to the statements of the representations, would torment Christ as well as the crown of thorns and scourges . In individual cases, other objects are also shown, the use of which was considered reprehensible on the holiday, such as a game board in the Reformed Church in Waltensburg or musical instruments.
Pictorial representations of the holy Christ come from the period between the middle of the 14th and the middle of the 16th century; they appear almost exclusively as frescoes . Geographically, such images can be found in the Alpine regions of Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, France and northern Italy as well as in southern England and Wales, and occasionally elsewhere in Bohemia and on the Baltic coast. The Christ, who is often depicted standing between, but also next to, the tools, is a man of sorrows , that is, he is depicted alive, often naked with a loincloth , with the crucifixion wounds and the side wound . If it can sometimes also be seen with the tools of suffering such as hammer and nails, similar to an Arma-Christi cross , these are to be understood as tools and not as tools of suffering.
Examples of churches with representations of a holiday Christian are Sogn Gieri Church (Rhäzüns) , the Parish Church of Mauthen , Peter and Paul Church (Oberwöllan) , St. Peter Mistail ( Alvaschein ), Parish Church of St. Stefan near Niedertrixen , Assumption of Mary (Eriskirch) , St. Lorenzen im Mürz Valley and St. Jodok (Ravensburg) .
literature
- Otto Fraydenegg-Monzello: The holiday Christ . A folk-mystical memorial image of the late Middle Ages as a source for legal folklore . In: Research on legal archeology and legal folklore , Volume 18. Schulthess Verlag, Zurich 2000, pp. 61–96.
- Leopold Kretzenbacher : New finds of late medieval frescoes of the “Mahnbild” type “Holiday Christ” in Carinthia. In: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Volkskunde , complete series, vol. 100, new series, vol. LI, Vienna 1997, pp. 157–184.
- Oskar Moser: The “Holiday Christ” as a memorial image and source of factual research. Two new finds of medieval frescoes in Carinthia. In: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Volkskunde , Complete Series Vol. 93, New Series Vol. XLIV, Vienna 1990, pp. 106–111.
- Robert Wildhaber : The “ holy Christ ” as an iconographic expression of the Sunday sanctification. In: Journal for Swiss Archeology and Art History , Vol. 16, Basel 1956, pp. 1–34.
- Robert Wildhaber: Holiday Christ. In: Lexicon of Christian Iconography (LCI), Vol. II, Freiburg i. Br. 1970, col. 20f.
- Robert Wildhaber: Holiday Christ. In: Reallexikon zur Deutschen Kunstgeschichte , Vol. VII (1979), Sp. 1002-1010; in: RDK Labor, online .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Day of the Lord , April 5, 2020, p. IV.
- ↑ a b Andrea Zimmermann: Jesus Christ as “Man of Sorrows” in high and late medieval representations of the fine arts: an analysis of its meaning , dissertation, Halle-Wittenberg 1997, online via DNB , esp. P. 29 ff.
- ↑ Simone Finkele, Burkhardt Krause (Ed.): Glück - Zufall - Providence: Lecture series of the Medieval Studies department of the Institute for Literary Studies in the summer semester 2008 , 2010, p. 83, ISBN 978-3-86644-575-8 , doi: 10.5445 / KSP / 1000020060
- ↑ Verena Postel (ed.), Work in the Middle Ages: Ideas and Realities , Walter de Gruyter, 2010, p. 262
- ↑ Der Anschnitt , Volume 51, 1999, p. 28
- ↑ Robert Wildhaber: Holiday Christ. In: Reallexikon zur Deutschen Kunstgeschichte , Vol. VII (1979), Sp. 1002-1010; in: RDK Labor, online
- ↑ haben.at: The holy Christ in St. Lorenzen