Fernand Holweck

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Fernand Holweck building a triode

Fernand Holweck (born July 21, 1890 in Paris ; † December 24, 1941 there ) was a French physicist and resistance fighter .

Life

Holweck was born on July 21, 1890 to an Alsatian family. He studied at ESPCI , where he earned a PhD and worked as Marie Curie's personal assistant . During his military service he worked under the direction of Gustave-Auguste Ferrié on the radio station of the Eiffel Tower . In 1913 he joined Marie Curie's laboratory at the Radium Institute .

During the First World War he worked with Maurice de Broglie at the Naval Research Center in Toulon under Paul Langevin on ultrasound for the detection of submarines. In 1919 Holweck returned to the Radium Institute, where he received his doctorate in 1922. He later became a professor at the Paris faculty. In 1938 he became head of the research department of the CNRS .

In 1941 Holweck got involved in the Resistance for the procurement of false papers. He was captured by the Gestapo on December 11, 1941 and died under torture on December 24, 1941.

He is the father of the writer Agnès Rouzier .

research

Fernand Holweck established the continuity between UV and X-rays in his doctoral thesis in 1920. For his experiments he built a new type of molecular pump , the Holweck pump . In 1923 he experimented with a powerful transmitter at the top of the Eiffel Tower. With Pierre Lejay , he managed to determine the force of gravity with high accuracy using an inverse pendulum in an evacuated glass ampoule .

In 1926 he developed one of the first television sets with Édouard Belin . He was also one of the first to study the effects of electromagnetic radiation on living cells.

Aftermath

In memory of Holweck, the Société française de physique and the Institute of Physics founded the Holweck Prize in 1945 , which has been awarded annually since 1946. In 1986 a street in Paris was named after him and in 1988 a technical high school, which also maintains a small Holweck museum.

literature

  • Paul A. Redhead, PS Choumoff: Vacuum Science and Technology: Pioneers of the 20th Century . Ed .: American Vacuum Society. tape 2 . Springer, 1994, ISBN 1-56396-248-9 , pp. 59–67 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d Paul A. Redhead, PS Choumoff: Vacuum Science and Technology: Pioneers of the 20th Century . Ed .: American Vacuum Society. tape 2 . Springer, 1994, ISBN 1-56396-248-9 , pp. 59–67 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  2. ^ Les ingénieurs de la 26e promotion de l'ESPCI. In: espci.org. École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris, accessed on March 4, 2013 (French).
  3. ↑ Raconte-moi la radio. Fernand Holweck. In: dspt.perso.sfr.fr. Retrieved March 4, 2013 (French).
  4. ↑ Archives du musée Curie. Holweck, Fernand (1890-1941). In: Calames. Retrieved March 4, 2013 (French).
  5. ↑ Karl Jousten (Ed.): Wutz Handbuch der Vakuumtechnik, 10th edition 2010, Vieweg + Teubner, ISBN 978-3-8348-0695-6 , p. 384
  6. ^ The Holweck medal and prize. In: iop.org. Institute of Physics, accessed March 4, 2013 .
personal data
SURNAME Holweck, Fernand
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French physicist and resistance fighter
DATE OF BIRTH July 21, 1890
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH December 24, 1941
Place of death Paris