Fichtenhainichen

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Fichtenhainichen
community Rositz
Coordinates: 51 ° 0 ′ 56 ″  N , 12 ° 22 ′ 58 ″  E
Height : 188 m above sea level NN
Incorporation : April 1, 1923
Postal code : 04617
Area code : 034498
Fichtenhainichen (Thuringia)
Fichtenhainichen

Location of Fichtenhainichen in Thuringia
In the town
In the town

Fichtenhainichen is a district of the municipality of Rositz in the Altenburger Land district in Thuringia .

location

Fichtenhainichen is located in the northeastern area of ​​the village of Rositz, northeast of federal highway 180 and northwest of Altenburg . The district lies in the Altenburger-Zeitzer-Lösshügelland on the southern edge of the Leipzig lowland bay .

history

Location of Fichtenhainichen in the municipality of Rositz

The village of Fichtenhainichen was first mentioned in a document on August 31, 1331 as "Heynichen". The name "Fichtenhainichen" to distinguish it from the nearby town of Schnauderhainichen was only given to the town in 1501. The part that runs along Zeitzer Chaussee (today: Altenburger Straße) is called Neufichtenhainichen. This district was only created at the beginning of the 20th century.

Fichtenhainichen belonged to the Wettin office of Altenburg , which was under the sovereignty of the following Ernestine duchies from the 16th century due to several divisions in the course of its existence : Duchy of Saxony (1554 to 1572), Duchy of Saxony-Weimar (1572 to 1603), Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg (1603 to 1672), Duchy of Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg (1672 to 1826). When the Ernestine duchies were reorganized in 1826, the place came back to the duchy of Saxony-Altenburg. After the administrative reform in the duchy, Fichtenhainichen belonged to the eastern district (until 1900) and to the Altenburg district office (from 1900). From 1918 the village belonged to the Free State of Saxony-Altenburg , which was added to the State of Thuringia in 1920. In 1922 it came to the district of Altenburg .

On April 1, 1923, Fichtenhainichen, Gorma and Schelditz ( removed again in 1924) were incorporated into Rositz. Detailed information on the further development of the village is given in the cited literature and the main article Rositz .

History of lignite mining

In the 17th century there is the first documentary evidence of lignite mining in Fichtenhainichen. Lignite was found in the village around 1672/75. However, the large-scale mining in the Meuselwitz-Rositzer lignite mining area did not begin until the 19th century. With a thickness of 0.57 m, Fichtenhainichen had the strongest seam in the area. Fichtenhainichen was a small farming village until 1900, around which, however, several underground pits and opencast mines existed in the second half of the 19th century . The first were the "Louisengrube", which was financed by a stock corporation, and the "Karolinengrube". Since 1865 lignite has been mined from the "Louise". With a workforce of 13, it extracted 167,000 quintals of raw coal from the earth in 1871 alone . In 1910 the mine was closed. Other pits around Fichtenhainichen were the “Altenburger Kohlenwerke No. 19, 20, 22” (1865–1958), the “Germania No. 16” (1874–1912) and the “Neu-Rositz No. 145” (1917–1912) pit 1942), the most famous pits were called "Vorwärts" and "Neue Sorge". The "Vorwärts" mine had its own rail loading station on the Zeitz – Altenburg railway line, which was opened in 1872 and to which it was connected by a cable car. By converting the wet stone factory that had existed since the 1880s , Fichtenhainichen was given a modern briquette factory in 1909 , which was in operation until 1947. In 1917 the "Vorwärts" mine became the property of Rositzer Braunkohlenwerke AG until it was closed in 1923. The 56 meter high chimney of the briquette factory was knocked down in 1926.

Water tower

The more recent history of the local lignite industry was shaped by the takeover of the majority of shares in the ailing Rositzer Braunkohlenwerke Aktiengesellschaft by the major corporation Deutsche Erdoel-Actiengesellschaft ( DEA ) in 1916. Due to the war economy in the First World War , which required autarky , the Deutsche Erdoel-Actiengesellschaft ( DEA) in 1917 in the corridor of Fichtenhainichen a lignite refining plant for the production of diesel oil was in operation. This was the first German tar refinery in which mainly heating and fuel oil for the German navy was obtained from lignite. In the early years, the “DEA” employed several hundred workers from the entire Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg. Extensive extensions and new buildings were constantly being built, which also involved the purchase of land. Apartments were built for the workers. Also in 1917, Rositz's landmark, the water tower of the Fichtenhainichen tar refinery, was built. In order to ensure the supply of briquettes to DEA, the lignite works were expanded by adding the “Vorwärtsgrube”, the Meuselwitzer Braunkohlen- und Brikettwerke AG, and in August 1922 the “Neue Sorge” mine was commissioned by the DEA.

During the Second World War , eight camps were set up in and around Rositz for slave laborers , in which more than a thousand slave laborers had to work: for Deutsche Erdöl AG (DEA) , for the Rositzer sugar refinery , at the company K. Eisenrieth , for the Rositzer company Coal works and for the Curt Plützsch company in Fichtenhainichen. Because of the tar processing factory, Rositz and its districts are probably the place in Altenburger Land that was most destroyed in World War II. On August 16, 1944, the DEA plant was so badly hit that a cloud of smoke could be seen for days at a height of several kilometers, around 70 percent of the plant was destroyed. Another bomb attack on the plant took place on February 14, 1945. A total of 49 people died in both attacks.

After the Second World War, the plant became the VEB Teerververarbeitungwerk Böhlen Rositz division , which employed over 1,600 workers around 1975. Until 1990, the company mainly processed brown coal tar into electrode coke ( Söderberg electrode ) and heating oil and diesel. After the political turnaround in 1990, the soil on the site of the tar factory was contaminated with various organic substances. The largest contaminated site was the tar lake , which has been gradually rehabilitated since 1998.

In the 1980s, it was planned to resume lignite mining in the Meuselwitz-Rositzer lignite district, but this was not carried out. A large part of the municipality of Rositz, including part of Fichtenhainichen, would have had to give way to the planned "Meuselwitz opencast mine" between Meuselwitz and Rositz without the refinery.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wolfgang Kahl: First mention of Thuringian towns and villages. A manual. Rockstuhl Verlag, Bad Langensalza, 2010, ISBN 978-3-86777-202-0 , p. 75
  2. ^ The Altenburg Office in the book "Geography for all Stands" in the Google book search, from page 201
  3. ↑ The locations of the Altenburg district in the Google book search, from p. 83
  4. ↑ The eastern district of the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg in the municipal directory 1900
  5. ^ The Altenburg district office in the municipality register 1900
  6. ↑ The place on www.gemeinde-rositz.de. Retrieved on August 26, 2012 on the Internet
  7. ↑ Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (ed.): Heimatgeschichtlicher Wegweiser to places of resistance and persecution 1933–1945, series: Heimatgeschichtliche Wegweiser Volume 8 Thüringen, Erfurt 2003, p. 24f ., ISBN 3-88864-343-0
  8. ↑ Antje Uebel: Poisonous fumes in the apartments. Tar lake in Rositz. MDR Thuringia, January 7, 2015, archived from the original on April 15, 2015 ; accessed on July 28, 2017 .
  9. ↑ The Altenburg / Meuselwitz lignite district, LMBV publication

Web links

Commons : Fichtenhainichen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files