Fization to Seewasen zu Stuttgart
The description of the Seewasen zu Stuttgart is the oldest known picture evidence of a building project in Stuttgart . It was made in 1566 by the ducal master builder Albrecht Dretsch after a one-time inspection of the site.
meaning
The colored ink drawing is 91 cm high and 85 cm wide and titled on the back. The word "Fisierung" used here is obviously a misspelling for the term "Visierung", which was derived from the Latin word videre and was used for order drawings, sketches, plans, etc. from the Middle Ages.
The illustration shows a plan of the Seewasen area in Stuttgart, oriented to the northwest. You can see the detailed former rifle gate in part of the Stuttgart city wall and behind it the middle sea weir, which at that time separated the Büchsensee from the lower lake, as well as the vaulting of the Vogelsangbach between the two lakes and a weir .
Building activity and lakes in Stuttgart in the 16th century
Stuttgart was redesigned as the residence of the Dukes of Württemberg in the 16th century; representative buildings were erected or expanded. In addition to the city wall, this also included the old chancellery , the arcade courtyard of the old castle , the new pleasure house and other buildings.
The lakes that can be recognized in Dretsch's illustration were older, however: by damming the Vogelsangbach, which rises at the Birkenkopf , several lakes were artificially created north and west of the urban area as early as the Middle Ages: the Vogelsangsee, which Nikolaus Lenau had in his reed lilies in 1832 sang, was where the market on Vogelsang can be found today, the Obere See in the area between today's Weimar and the Seidenstrasse, the Mittlere or Büchsensee, which was created around 1390, between today's Seidenstrasse and Schloßstrasse and the Lower Lake, which existed since 1440, between today's Holzgartenstrasse and Schloßstrasse. The Büchsen Lake and the Lower Lake, which can be seen on Dretschs Fisierung , had a water surface of about 2.7 and 11 hectares respectively . They were used for fish farming, for washing and as a reservoir for extinguishing water. Dretsch not only drew fish in the water, but also let two pigs swim in it. A path that ran over the dam of the Büchsensee and led out of the city through the stately Zimmerplatz and wooden garden to the vineyards outside the city became the subject of a dispute.
The dispute over the construction project
Soon after 1550, Duke Christoph began to expand and build on the city wall of Stuttgart. This structure was drawn to the west and north at the level of the lake shore. At the same time the sea rifle should be secured in front of the rifle gate. When Albrecht Dretsch was working on this project in 1566, he suffered from the resentment of the citizens. We have received a letter dated August 16, 1566 to the Duke, in which the “Vogt, Mayor and Court of Stuttgart” complained that Dretsch had instructed the workers to pour the excavated material onto a path that led past the construction site. This way had become impassable because of this, the Duke should instruct Dretsch to keep the way clear.
On August 17, 1566, Dretsch commented on this accusation by first explaining the necessary security measures at the sea weir. The weir showed considerable damage on the side facing the Büchsensee and had to be founded with a head of wall and workpieces . He had the excavation partly poured down between the Werkhaus and the city gate on the other side of the weir to reinforce the dam, which also saved the cost of removal. The controversial path also leads through a room in the room that does not belong to the city, but to the Duke, and the area should better be cordoned off as the people passing by are constantly stealing wood.
In order to make his argumentation clear, Dretsch added his pictorial representation to the letter, the Fisierung zum Seewasen , which, however, was not created directly on this occasion, but had been made beforehand to show the proposed border of the room. Dretsch's illustration shows a wooden fence that was supposed to separate the stately room from the path, and a stone wall that was supposed to serve the same purpose towards the Lower Lake. Also recognizable are the fascines with which the bank embankment of the Büchsensee was strengthened, and the underwash on the dam, where a stone foundation should provide a remedy.
Dretsch gave a bird's eye view of the lakes and the terrain, but the buildings in a side view. For the planned projects, he entered the distances and dimensions in rods and shoes .
History and meaning of the document
Dretsch's account was long forgotten. It was folded up in a bundle of files with documents on construction work in Stuttgart in the 16th century and only came to light again when the archive holdings on the City and Office of Stuttgart were to be repackaged. After its discovery, it was restored. In 2002 it was issued as Archivale of the Month by the Baden-Württemberg State Archives .
It provides information about the appearance of part of Stuttgart in the middle of the 16th century. The two lakes and the Zimmerplatz with its wooden garden, which can be seen on the Fisierung , were depicted again in 1596 by Jacob Ramminger . The lakes no longer exist today: They were drained from the beginning of the 18th century and built over in the 19th century. There is not much to see of the Vogelsangbach above ground. After an old clinker canal, in which its water had flowed since 1907, had to be rehabilitated, a new underground canal was laid in Fritz-Reuter- and Vogelsangstraße in 2011. This canal now follows the course of the street or is laid under a green area, while the old one also ran under private land and even the market hall .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Baden-Württemberg State Archives
- ^ PW Hartmann, The great art dictionary
- ↑ Panoramaweg Stuttgart-West, p. 8 f. ( Memento of the original from November 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 5.1 MB)
- ↑ LEO BW: Development in Stuttgart-West
- ↑ Deep craters line the streets ( Memento from February 12, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ), in: Stuttgarter Zeitung , October 1, 2010
