Old Chancellery (Stuttgart)

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Old Chancellery (Stuttgart)
Stuttgart AlteKanzlei01.JPG
Old office, facade to SchillerplatzTemplate: Infobox / maintenance / picture

Surname Old firm
place Stuttgart, Schillerplatz 5
Building Administration building, commercial building, restaurant
Building history Construction: 1542–1544, 1566–1567
Reconstruction after fire: 1684
Destruction in the war: 1944
Reconstruction: 1951–1952
Architectural style Main portals: classicism , renaissance
Builders Ulrich von Württemberg
Christoph von Württemberg
Friedrich Karl von Württemberg-Winnental
Architects Aberlin Tretsch
Matthias Weiß (1636–1707)
Alexander von Tritschler
Height above  sea ​​level about 250 meters
Length × width × height 52 × 17 × 23 meters
material Sandstone, plastered masonry

The old chancellery is a building in Stuttgart in which the princely administration had its seat. After the New Chancellery was built in 1838, the building was renamed the Old Chancellery. The farm pharmacy and the “Alte Kanzlei” restaurant have been located on the ground floor since the 1950s. The upper floors are occupied by the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Justice, whose headquarters are in the neighboring Prinzenbau.

The old chancellery is part of the historical building ensemble around the Schiller monument on Schillerplatz , which also includes the Prinzenbau , the old castle , the collegiate church and the fruit box .

The eastern part of the old chancellery was built between 1544 and 1546 under Duke Ulrich von Württemberg. In 1566 the building was increased by one storey by the architect Aberlin Tretsch and extended to the Prinzenbau. After a fire in 1683, the building was rebuilt by Matthias Weiß (1636–1707).

The Prinzenbau was connected across the corner with the old chancellery in 1715 via an extension. This includes the office arch, an arched passage from Schillerplatz to Königstraße . The two main portals from the 16th century in the classicism and renaissance styles were restored by Alexander von Tritschler in 1878 and aligned with one another. After severe destruction in the Second World War in 1944, the old chancellery was rebuilt from 1951 to 1952.

location

  • Location map.

The old law firm is located on Schillerplatz in Stuttgart. The square was originally called Schloßplatz, from 1817 after the construction of the New Castle Alter Schillerplatz and since 1934 Schillerplatz (95 years after the inauguration of the eponymous Schiller monument).

In addition to the Old Chancellery, there are other centuries-old buildings grouped around the Schiller Monument in the center of the square: the Prinzenbau , the Old Palace , the Collegiate Church and the Fruchtkasten . The Alte Kanzlei extends with one long side to Schillerplatz, with the other to the Planie (Richard-von-Weizsäcker-Planie, the street that separates the Alte Kanzlei from Schloßplatz ) and with a narrow side to the Old Castle. On the other narrow side, the building is connected to the Prinzenbau.

Structure

Parts of the old law firm's building.

The old chancellery stands on a rectangular area 52 meters long and 17 meters wide and is around 23 meters high. In its current state, the building only shows characteristic stylistic features in the two main portals : they are designed in the style of classicism and renaissance .

The facades consist of plastered masonry made of reed sandstone. Five #portals on the ground floor provide access to the building and two round stair towers provide access to the floors. The numerous cross- frame windows are designed as single windows or as double windows with a stone central support and are framed by sandstone frames.

Building parts

The building consists of 3 building parts:

  • Building part 1: The 7-axis, 4-storey part of the building includes the right stair tower and the right main portal. It begins on the narrow side of the building opposite the Old Castle and extends to the fire wall, which protrudes with its stepped gable over the roof ridge of the building.
  • Building section 2: The 3-axis, 3-storey building section includes the left stair tower and the left main portal.
  • Building part 3: The 2-axis, 4-storey part of the building extends to the Prinzenbau, which the Alte Kanzlei abuts at right angles. A passage between the Prinzenbau and the Alte Kanzlei, the Kanzleibogen, connects Schillerplatz with Königstrasse.

top, roof

Building part 1 has a gable roof that is hipped towards the old castle. It continues over the other two parts of the building and ends in the roof of the Prinzenbau. The gable roof is pierced over building part 3 by a transverse hipped roof (as in a dwarf building). The two stair towers are covered with conical roofs.

The two outer parts of the building are around 16 meters high up to the eaves, and the roof has a slope of around 38 degrees. Building part 2 is about 12.5 meters high up to the eaves, and the steeper, lower roof has an incline of about 50 degrees.

The roof of building part 1 has 4 or 5 hipped dormers on the long sides , in the 2-story roof structure of building part 2 with 2 or 3 drag dormers per floor, in building part 3 with a 5-part drag dormer at the front and with 2 Flat roof dormers on the back.

Portals

The Alte Kanzlei has five portals:

  • the two main portals at the front,
  • the simple portal of the restaurant "Alte Kanzlei" at the back of building part 1
  • and the two simple portals of the courtyard pharmacy on the long sides of building part 3.

Main portals

  • Left main portal.

  • WappenWürttembergAlteKanzlei2.jpg

  • Right main portal.

  • WappenWürttembergAlteKanzlei1.jpg

The two main portals on the front are similar in structure, but differ in the details of the design. Both were restored by Alexander von Tritschler in 1878 and aligned with one another. A double-winged, wooden arched door is framed by a classical aedicule with an inscription frieze . The aedicula is crowned by a top with a smaller, 3-part aedicula in the style of the Renaissance . The essay shows the Württemberg coat of arms in the middle and reliefs with the Württemberg deer in the smaller side fields. The coat of arms bears as a crest a hunting horn and a Bracken body In.

The right portal belongs to the first construction phase ( building part 1 ) and was installed in 1543 under Duke Ulrich von Württemberg. A banner with a motto of the Reformation flutters between the two helmet ornaments: "VDMIAE." ( Verbum Dei manet in aeternum - The word of God remains in eternity). The inscription in the frieze of the aedicula recalls the restoration of the two main portals by Alexander von Tritschler in 1878:

Quod annorum serie tempestatis inclementia diruit, in priorem formam restitui iussit Carolus Wuerttembergiae rex anno MDCCCLXXVIII. In 1878, on the orders of King Karl von Württemberg, the weather damage to the portals that had occurred over the years was repaired.

The left portal was built during the second construction phase ( building parts 2 and 3 ) and was installed in building part 3 in 1566 under Duke Christoph von Württemberg. Between the two outer crests, the crest of the Counts of Mömpelgard crowns the coat of arms: a woman's torso with fish arms. The inscription in the frieze of the aedicula outlines the building history of the old chancellery:

Curia Ducis from Udalrico Duce Wurttembergico anno MDXLIII exstructa, a Domino Christophoro Duce anno MDLXVI amplifacata, [ante diem] tertium calendas Ianuarias MDCLXXXIV igne voraci ex parte devastata, anno sequente subventiis principi i Ducutishardi i , pristino splendori restituta. Stet porro inviolata structurae facies, inconcussam habeat nostra aetas, incolumem videat posteritas. The ducal chancellery was built by Duke Ulrich von Württemberg in 1543 and expanded by Duke Christoph in 1566. On December 30, 1683, the building was partially destroyed by a devastating fire. In the following year, the office was restored to its former glory under Duke Friedrich Karl . May the building remain undamaged from now on, survive our time unshaken and be handed down to posterity intact.

history

  • Fig. 1. Collegiate church and plan side of the old chancellery, 1663.

  • Fig. 2. Schillerplatz, fire in the old chancellery, 1683.

  • Fig. 3. Schillerplatz with Prinzenbau and old chancellery, around 1710.

The old chancellery was the seat of government and administration of the Duchy, later of the Kingdom of Württemberg. In the 1540s, the predecessor building of the old chancellery next to the old castle "proved to be too narrow for the daily growing and especially increased by the abolition of the monasteries shops". Duke Ulrich therefore decided to have a new building built. From 1542 to 1544 the initially 3-storey building was erected, which began on the narrow side opposite the old castle and reached up to the fire wall with the stepped gable. The stones of the Heslach pilgrimage church "Our Lady" , which was demolished in 1542, were used as building material .

Than two decades later, the new building was no longer adequate, Duke Christoph 1566 by Aberlin Tretsch , the builder of the Old Palace increase by one floor and extend down to the Prinzenbau, the existing construction. The building had thus reached its present size. In 1598 the old water tower, today's Mercury Column, was added to the northeast corner of the old chancellery. In 1862 the water tank was removed from the top of the tower and replaced by the figure of Mercury. At the same time, the Kosakenbrünnele , which until then had been attached to the old chancellery to the right of the column, was moved and connected to the pedestal of the Mercury column.

In 1683 the office burned down and was rebuilt under Duke Friedrich Karl by the architect Matthias Weiß (1636–1707), to whom the Prinzenbau also owes its classicist facade. The art historian Werner Fleischhauer judged:

White “destroyed the lively roof structure that had been appealingly taken up again by that of the old castle. Three portals with pilasters and triangular gables show the somewhat dry classical forms that are characteristic of white. "

The roof was originally divided by three gables (see Figure 1 above), which were not rebuilt after the fire. Weiß did not build three, but only two new portals "with pilasters and triangular gables"; the main portal from 1543 could be saved and reinstalled (see Fig. 3 above). The Prinzenbau was connected across the corner with the old chancellery in 1715 via an extension. This includes the office arch, an arched passage from Schillerplatz to Königstraße .

After the new chancellery was built under King Wilhelm I in 1838, the previous chancellery was renamed the old chancellery. In 1865, at King Wilhelm's request , the Hof-Apotheke moved from the castle chapel in the old castle to the old chancellery. In 1878, the two of the three main portals that were still in existence were restored by Alexander von Tritschler and aligned with one another.

During the Second World War, the old chancellery and the other buildings on Schillerplatz were badly destroyed on the night of September 12th to 13th, 1944. An emergency pharmacy was set up in the ruins of the building on September 13, 1944. After the war, the old chancellery was rebuilt from 1951 to 1952. Meanwhile the court pharmacy was housed in the Kronprinzenpalais . In 1955 the farm pharmacy moved back into the old chancellery. After the reconstruction, the “Alte Kanzlei” restaurant was also opened on the ground floor. Since then, the upper floors have been occupied by the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Justice, whose headquarters are in the Prinzenbau.

literature

General

  • Building research / restoration database: Alte Kanzlei , online .
  • Hans Klaiber: The royal Württemberg builder Matthias Weiss. In: Württembergische Vierteljahreshefte für Landesgeschichte ( New Series), Volume 34, 1928, Pages 100–117, Old Chancellery: 110–111.
  • Christian Friedrich von Leins : The court camps and country seats of the Württemberg regent house. Festschrift to celebrate the 25th anniversary of his Majesty's reign the King Karl von Württemberg , Stuttgart [around 1889], pages 31–33.
  • Hermann Lenz ; Günter Beysiegel (editor): Stuttgart. from 12 years of life in Stuttgart. Stuttgart: Belser, 1983, pages 423-426.
  • Gustav Wais : Old Stuttgart buildings in the picture. 640 pictures, including 2 colored ones, with explanations of city history, architectural history and art history. Stuttgart 1951, reprint Frankfurt am Main 1977, number 277–280.
  • Gustav Wais : Old Stuttgart: the oldest buildings, views and city plans up to 1800. With city history, building history and art history explanations. Stuttgart 1954, pages 101-103.
  • Martin Woerner; Gilbert Lupfer; Ute Schulz: Architectural Guide Stuttgart. Berlin 2006, number 93.

Others

  • Karl Büchele: Stuttgart and its surroundings for locals and foreigners. Stuttgart 1858, page 102, online .
  • Hartmut Ellrich : The historic Stuttgart. Tell pictures. Petersberg 2009, pages 35-37.
  • Use Feller; Eberhard Fritz; Joachim W. Siener: Württemberg at the time of the king: the photographs of Duke Philip of Württemberg (1838–1917). Stuttgart 1990, pp. 68, 80, 83-84.
  • Werner Fleischhauer : Baroque in the Duchy of Württemberg. Stuttgart 1981, page 28.
  • Michael Goer: Prinzenbau Stuttgart. Lindenberg 2008, pages 4, 7, 10-11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 29, 43, 47.
  • Helmut Holoch (editor): Stuttgart through the last 80 years. Stuttgart 1987, pages 28-32.
  • Wilhelm Kohlhaas (editor): Stuttgart: then, yesterday and today. Stuttgart: Steinkopf, 1976, pages 106-109.
  • State Office for Monument Preservation Baden-Württemberg: Schillerplatz 5 , files up to the year 2000.
  • Jennifer Lauxmann: 600 years Hof-Apotheke Stuttgart: 1413–2013. Stuttgart: Hof-Apotheke, [2013].
  • Johann Daniel Georg von Memminger : Stuttgart and Ludwigsburg with their surroundings. With a chart, a plan and a floor plan. Stuttgart 1817, pp. 332-334, online .
  • Karl Pfaff : History of the city of Stuttgart based on archival documents and other proven sources, Volume 2: History of the city from 1651 to 1845. Stuttgart 1846, online .
  • Harald Schukraft : Stuttgart street history (s). Stuttgart 1986, pages 8-14.
  • State capital Stuttgart, Office for Urban Planning and Urban Renewal, Lower Monument Protection Authority (publisher): List of cultural monuments. Immovable architectural and art monuments, Stuttgart 2008, online .
  • Gustav Wais : The pharmacies in old Stuttgart . In: Deutsche Apotheker-Zeitung , year 91, 1951, pages 396–399, here: 396–397 (Hof-Apotheke).

Web links

Commons : Alte Kanzlei Stuttgart  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ #Landesamt 2000 , Plans 2/14, January 1998.
  2. ↑ Isaiah 40.8 , Württemberg coat of arms at the rectory in Markgröningen .
  3. ↑ Abbreviations in full. - #Pfaff 1846 , page 67.
  4. ↑ #Memminger 1817 , page 333.
  5. ↑ #Memminger 1817 , pp. 333–334.
  6. ↑ #Memminger 1817 , pp. 333–334.
  7. ↑ #Fleischhauer 1981 , page 28th
  8. ↑ # Hof-Apotheke 2014 .
  9. ↑ # Hof-Apotheke 2014 .

Coordinates: 48 ° 46 ′ 39.1 ″  N , 9 ° 10 ′ 43 ″  E