Meat bank
As a meat market ( Scharn , Schirn) or butcher banks were from the Middle Ages the central, usually called a city combined butchers and butcher stalls at the market. The shape of their sales tables gave them their name.
history
At the beginning of their appearance, around 1342 in Ingolstadt , the meat banks were still open as sales tables in the open, but very soon they were grouped together in vaults, mostly on the ground floors of the houses around the market. The importance of these important economic institutions in the medieval urban structure is measured by the fact that such institutions were also given fiefs by imperial decree , in the example of Ingolstadt by Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian .
A highly regulated guild system developed in the emerging cities of the High Middle Ages . The guilds of butchers and butchers, like all guilds, were concentrated in certain parts of the city and had sales outlets next to one another in which the freshly slaughtered animals were cut up and sold to better control the hygiene and quality regulations prescribed by the respective magistrate. The slaughterhouses were mostly outside the city wall, as the trades associated with the disposal of slaughterhouse waste were often dishonest trades and were therefore not allowed to be based in the city itself. Compliance with the regulations was mostly monitored by a meat supervisor appointed by the magistrate, the respective guild regulations regulated prices and carried out supply control.
With the abolition of the guild regulations and the introduction of freedom of trade in the second half of the 18th century, the central butcher shops in the larger cities were replaced and displaced by individual butchers, mainly in the residential areas away from the central marketplaces.
Meat banks were partially in operation until the middle of the 20th century, the only completely original system of this type in Europe is located in Neustadt (Orla) and was used as a free bank until 1948 .
Examples
The meat banks in Ceske Budejovice were first mentioned in writing in 1336 when the city was flooded. In 1364, Emperor Charles IV ordered the demolition of the wooden buildings on the town square in Budweis and the construction of a new building in the nearby Krajinská Street, where the meat shops were in operation until a large slaughterhouse was built in 1899. The new Renaissance building from 1554 is a listed building and houses the restaurant “Masné krámy” (“Meat Banks”).
In Frankfurt am Main , the meat banks were located along the Lange Schirn alley in the old town center , which Johann Wolfgang Goethe and Victor Hugo described among others . In the 20th century, medieval buildings, some dating from the 15th century, remained practically closed here. In a back yard was the so-called Metzgerhöfchen , which was first mentioned in a document as early as 1280 and which testified that this area was part of the butcher's quarter. At the northern end, where the Lange Schirn met the Alter Markt , stood the Red House , popularly simply the Schirn , where the Frankfurter meat sausage was sold until the old town was completely destroyed in 1944. After the war the area was cleared and the street name was revoked, only the nearby Schirn art gallery still reminds of the historical roots of this area.
The so-called department VII , also known as Petersbergl and still in operation today, is a butcher's row on Munich's Viktualienmarkt , a new building from 1880 and therefore not an original meat bank from the Middle Ages, even if its purpose was similar to the construction time and this is still today.
Web links
- Kurt Scheuerer: The meat banks in Ingolstadt . Development of meat banks based on the example in Ingolstadt.
Individual evidence
- ↑ by ahd. Scranne , later mhd. Schranne = open sales stand .