Start (sport)
In sport, the start is the beginning of a competition , often combined with timekeeping , as well as the place from which the start is made. The person or the device that gives the signal to start is called a starter .
Basics
A correct start ensures that all participants start the competition either at the same time or under the same time conditions. It differs depending on the sport , but here it is largely the same worldwide. Ultimately, the organizer decides on the modalities of the start. During the competition itself a decision arbitrator or a judge on the validity or invalidity of a start.
Starters are usually used in competitions in which it is necessary to cover a certain distance on foot or by means of a vehicle or animal. While in athletics lap counters, anemometers, track or inverters are normal judges who are assigned to this task, the use as a starter requires a special qualification. In cycling race often celebrities take over the function of the starter.
False starts are non-compliant starts and are therefore invalid. As with the early start , a sub-case of false starts, the start will be repeated for all the competitors and the competition immediately canceled . Depending on the rules of the sport, either a disqualification or repetition takes place or a penalty (automobile sport ) is pronounced afterwards. Immediately before the start, measurements showed a strong physical and psychological tension in the athlete .
Standing and flying start
- → For a flying start in equestrian sport, see the article Trotting
The start can take place standing , i.e. from a resting position, or flying , i.e. after approaching and crossing the starting point. The flying start is sometimes used in car ( Indianapolis start ), bicycle and horse races, as well as in motor boating and sailing.
Starts by sport
- American and Canadian football : game starts after kickoff
- Speed skating : usually a pair start, but also a quartet start and mass start with starting gun.
- Football : kick-off with the referee's whistle
- Martial arts : The parting with the hand of the referee between the opponents
- Athletics : Command: on your marks - ready - go , often combined with a starting gun or the clapping sound of the starter flap.
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Motorsport
- Standing start with traffic lights
- Flying start behind the lead vehicle
- Le Mans Start (obsolete)
- Safety car start behind the safety car
- Equestrian sport : In horse races, the horses start from a start box into which they were previously led. These open immediately when the last horse is in its box and give the animals free rein.
- Rowing : During regatta rowing , the boats are called up individually to determine that they are ready to start. The start is carried out either by a traffic light (traffic light system ) combined with an acoustic signal (horn) or by the starter calling attention. Come on! with simultaneous waving of a red flag.
- Swimming : from the starting block (swimming) with the whistle.
- Skiing : For single starts, countdown with acoustic signal, time window of ± 5 seconds . Measurement of the start time using a folding lever at the level of the upper shin.
- Trotting : There are three different starting methods, see Trotting # starting methods .
- Triathlon : Land or water start, usually as a mass start with starting gun.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rowing competition rules (RWR) of the German Rowing Association valid from January 1, 2015. (PDF) Retrieved on May 15, 2019 . PDF file
